Questões de Vocabulário e expressões idiomáticas no FAMERP
19 no total
Uma amostra das questões. Crie uma conta para resolver todas com correção e comentário.
FAMERP20251a faseQuestao 15InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasFacil
When Tinder (a mobile dating app) was launched on college campuses in America in 2012, it quickly became a hit. Although online dating had been around since Match.com, a website for lonely hearts, launched in 1995, it had long struggled to shed1 an image of desperation. But Tinder, by letting users sift through photos of countless potential dates with a simple swipe, made it easy and fun. Soon Tinder and its rivals had transformed dating. A report found that 30% of American adults had used an online dating service, including more than half of those aged between 18 and 29. One in five couples of that age had met through such a service. Usage surged during the pandemic, as lonely locked-down singles searched for partners. The market capitalisation of Bumble, a rival to Tinder, surged to 13billiononitsfirstdayoftrading2inFebruary2021.LaterthatyearthevalueofMatchGroup,whichownsTinder,Hingeandscoresofotherdatingservices,reachednearly50 billion. Today roughly 350 million people around the world have a dating app on their phone, up from 250 million in 2018, according to a research firm. In June 2024 Tokyo’s government even said it would launch a matchmaking app of its own to pair up singles in the city. Yet lately online dating has lost its spark. The apps were downloaded 237 million times globally in 2023, down from 287 million in 2020. According to a research firm, the number of people who use them at least once a month has dwindled from 154 million in 2021 to 137 million in the second quarter of 2024.
World, dating apps, monthly active users*, million 160
150
140
130
120
2019 20 21 22 23 24 Source: Sensor Tower *Annual data until 2022, then quarterly
(www.economist.com, 08.08.2024. Adaptado.) 1 to shed: to get rid of something that is no longer wanted. 2 trading: the activity of buying and selling things.
In the excerpt from the third paragraph “Today roughly 350 million people around the world have a dating app”, the underlined word can be replaced, without meaning change, by:
A)effectively.
B)approximately.
C)periodically.
D)merely.
E)globally.
FAMERP20251a faseQuestao 17InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasFacil
When Tinder (a mobile dating app) was launched on college campuses in America in 2012, it quickly became a hit. Although online dating had been around since Match.com, a website for lonely hearts, launched in 1995, it had long struggled to shed1 an image of desperation. But Tinder, by letting users sift through photos of countless potential dates with a simple swipe, made it easy and fun. Soon Tinder and its rivals had transformed dating. A report found that 30% of American adults had used an online dating service, including more than half of those aged between 18 and 29. One in five couples of that age had met through such a service. Usage surged during the pandemic, as lonely locked-down singles searched for partners. The market capitalisation of Bumble, a rival to Tinder, surged to 13billiononitsfirstdayoftrading2inFebruary2021.LaterthatyearthevalueofMatchGroup,whichownsTinder,Hingeandscoresofotherdatingservices,reachednearly50 billion. Today roughly 350 million people around the world have a dating app on their phone, up from 250 million in 2018, according to a research firm. In June 2024 Tokyo’s government even said it would launch a matchmaking app of its own to pair up singles in the city. Yet lately online dating has lost its spark. The apps were downloaded 237 million times globally in 2023, down from 287 million in 2020. According to a research firm, the number of people who use them at least once a month has dwindled from 154 million in 2021 to 137 million in the second quarter of 2024.
World, dating apps, monthly active users*, million 160
150
140
130
120
2019 20 21 22 23 24 Source: Sensor Tower *Annual data until 2022, then quarterly
(www.economist.com, 08.08.2024. Adaptado.) 1 to shed: to get rid of something that is no longer wanted. 2 trading: the activity of buying and selling things.
No contexto do terceiro parágrafo, o trecho “in the second quarter of 2024” equivale, em português, a:
A)no segundo bimestre de 2024.
B)no segundo semestre de 2024.
C)no segundo mês de 2024.
D)no segundo trimestre de 2024.
E)no segundo quadrimestre de 2024.
FAMERP20221a faseQuestao 17InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasMedia
You may want to skip the toppings on your next hot dog, or skip it altogether: Health researchers at the University of Michigan have found that eating a single hot dog could take 36 minutes off your life. In their study, researchers looked at 5,853 foods in the US diet and measured their effects in minutes of healthy life gained or lost. “We wanted to make a health-based evaluation of the beneficial and detrimental impacts of the food in the entire diet,” Olivier Jolliet, professor of environmental health sciences at the university and senior author of the paper, told CNN. The team came up with an index that calculates the net beneficial or detrimental health burden in minutes of healthy life associated with a serving of food. It’s based on a study called the Global Burden of Disease, which measures morbidity associated with a person’s food choices. “For example, 0.45 minutes are lost per gram of processed meat, or 0.1 minutes are gained per gram of fruit. We then look at the composition of each food and then multiplied this number by the corresponding food profiles that we previously developed,” said the professor. One of the foods researchers measured was a standard beef hot dog on a bun. Its 61 grams of processed meat resulted in the loss of 27 minutes of healthy life, Jolliet said — but when ingredients like sodium and trans fatty acids were factored in, the final value was 36 minutes lost. Consumption of foods such as nuts, legumes, seafood, fruits and nonstarchy vegetables, on the other hand, have positive effects on health, the study found. “The index is primarily there to help aid in selecting and using calories consumed on a daily basis to tweak a minimum of habits and make the minimum of change to obtain a maximum benefit for health and the environment from our food experience,” Jolliet said. (Lauren M. Johnson. https://edition.cnn.com, 27.08.2021. Adaptado.)
In the excerpt from the third paragraph “The index is primarily there to help aid in selecting and using calories consumed on a daily basis to tweak a minimum of habits”, the underlined word can be replaced, without meaning change, by
A)avoid.
B)change.
C)learn.
D)describe.
E)acquire.
FAMERP20211a faseQuestao 12InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasMedia
Female historical figures who were happy with their choices
Greta Garbo
In the 1932 film “Grand Hotel,” Garbo’s character famously proclaimed, “I want to be alone,” a quote that was affiliated with her for the rest of her life. She did have several relationships, including a long on-and-off with her frequent co-star John Gilbert. He once proposed to her, but she said no. “I was in love with him, but I froze,” she later told New York magazine. “I was afraid he would tell me what to do and boss me. I always wanted to be the boss.”
Coco Chanel
The iconic designer had many, many love affairs and several significant relationships, but she never married. She was once quoted as saying, “I never wanted to weigh more heavily on a man than a bird.” Less great: the evidence that she worked as a Nazi spy during the Second World War.
Mary Cassatt
Cassatt had a lot of familial love, as she’s maybe best known for her paintings that clearly but unsentimentally depicted the bonds between parents and children. But that love came from her relationships with her nieces and nephews, as she chose not to marry and didn’t have kids herself. The Impressionist painter enjoyed the freedoms that feminism had given women of her privileged stature by the turn of the 20th century — among them the right to an independent life. She was highly educated and well-travelled, and spoke out about the importance of female suffrage.
Louisa May Alcott
Like Jo in her best-known book “Little Women,” Alcott was independent and concerned with advancing women’s place in the world. But unlike Jo, she never married. “I’d rather be a free spinster and paddle my own canoe,” she wrote in her journal. (Maija Kappler. www.huffingtonpost.ca, 28.02.2020. Adaptado.)
No trecho do texto sobre Greta Garbo “a quote that was affiliated with her for the rest of her life”, o termo sublinhado pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por
A)associated.
B)compared.
C)confused.
D)discussed.
E)provided.
FAMERP20211a faseQuestao 20InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasFacil
(comicskingdom.com)
No trecho do primeiro quadrinho “We should do this more often”, a expressão sublinhada pode ser substituída, sem alteração de sentido, por
Imagens anexadas
A)more sporadically.
B)more frequently.
C)more occasionally.
D)more formally.
E)more efficiently.
FAMERP20201a faseQuestao 14InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasMedia
(Karmen Clair. https://karmenclair.wordpress.com, 03.04.2019. Adaptado.)
De acordo com o contexto do terceiro tópico, o trecho “the most bang for their buck” pode ser entendido como:
Imagens anexadas
A)o destino mais exótico.
B)o destino mais seguro.
C)o destino mais procurado.
D)a tarifa mais baixa.
E)o melhor custo-benefício.
FAMERP20201a faseQuestao 15InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasFacil
(Karmen Clair. https://karmenclair.wordpress.com, 03.04.2019. Adaptado.)
In the excerpt from the fourth topic “continue to be a huge trend”, the underlined word can be replaced, without changing the meaning of the sentence, by
Imagens anexadas
A)new.
B)mega.
C)reverse.
D)old.
E)natural.
FAMERP20201a faseQuestao 17InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasMedia
The Mona Lisa was recently moved from her usual gallery in the Salle des États, currently being renovated, to a temporary home in the Galérie Médicis. Visitors to the Louvre who have queued patiently for hours are complaining that museum staff are allowing them less than a minute to view the masterpice. The relocation has created bottlenecks of visitors lining corridors and the Louvre is now advising that only those who have pre-booked will be guaranteed a glimpse of the world’s most famous portrait. (David Chazan. www.telegraph.co.uk, 13.08.2019. Adaptado.)
In the excerpt “only those who have pre-booked will be guaranteed a glimpse of the world’s most famous portrait”, the underlined word refers to
A)hours.
B)bottlenecks.
C)corridors.
D)staff.
E)visitors.
FAMERP20181a faseQuestao 15InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasFacil
Can plants hear? Flora may be able to detect the sounds of flowing water or munching insects Pseudoscientific claims that music helps plants grow have been made for decades, despite evidence that is shaky at best. Yet new research suggests some flora may be capable of sensing sounds, such as the gurgle of water through a pipe or the buzzing of insects. In a recent study, Monica Gagliano, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Western Australia, and her colleagues placed pea seedlings in pots shaped like an upside-down Y. One arm of each pot was placed in either a tray of water or a coiled plastic tube through which water flowed; the other arm had dry soil. The roots grew toward the arm of the pipe with the fluid, regardless of whether it was easily accessible or hidden inside the tubing. “They just knew the water was there, even if the only thing to detect was the sound of it flowing inside the pipe,” Gagliano says. Yet when the seedlings were given a choice between the water tube and some moistened soil, their roots favored the latter. She hypothesizes that these plants use sound waves to detect water at a distance but follow moisture gradients to home in on their target when it is closer. The research, reported earlier this year in Oecologia, is not the first to suggest flora can detect and interpret sounds. A 2014 study showed the rock cress Arabidopsis can distinguish between caterpillar chewing sounds and wind vibrations – the plant produced more chemical toxins after “hearing” a recording of feeding insects. “We tend to underestimate plants because their responses are usually less visible to us. But leaves turn out to be extremely sensitive vibration detectors,” says lead study author Heidi M. Appel, an environmental scientist now at the University of Toledo. (Marta Zaraska. www.scientificamerican.com, 17.05.2017.)
No trecho do terceiro parágrafo “The research, reported earlier”, o termo em destaque indica
A)lugar.
B)ênfase.
C)preferência.
D)tempo.
E)certeza.
FAMERP20181a faseQuestao 18InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasFacil
Can plants hear? Flora may be able to detect the sounds of flowing water or munching insects Pseudoscientific claims that music helps plants grow have been made for decades, despite evidence that is shaky at best. Yet new research suggests some flora may be capable of sensing sounds, such as the gurgle of water through a pipe or the buzzing of insects. In a recent study, Monica Gagliano, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Western Australia, and her colleagues placed pea seedlings in pots shaped like an upside-down Y. One arm of each pot was placed in either a tray of water or a coiled plastic tube through which water flowed; the other arm had dry soil. The roots grew toward the arm of the pipe with the fluid, regardless of whether it was easily accessible or hidden inside the tubing. “They just knew the water was there, even if the only thing to detect was the sound of it flowing inside the pipe,” Gagliano says. Yet when the seedlings were given a choice between the water tube and some moistened soil, their roots favored the latter. She hypothesizes that these plants use sound waves to detect water at a distance but follow moisture gradients to home in on their target when it is closer. The research, reported earlier this year in Oecologia, is not the first to suggest flora can detect and interpret sounds. A 2014 study showed the rock cress Arabidopsis can distinguish between caterpillar chewing sounds and wind vibrations – the plant produced more chemical toxins after “hearing” a recording of feeding insects. “We tend to underestimate plants because their responses are usually less visible to us. But leaves turn out to be extremely sensitive vibration detectors,” says lead study author Heidi M. Appel, an environmental scientist now at the University of Toledo. (Marta Zaraska. www.scientificamerican.com, 17.05.2017.)
No trecho do terceiro parágrafo “the rock cress Arabidopsis can distinguish”, o termo em destaque tem sentido semelhante, em português, a
A)decodificar.
B)desencadear.
C)deduzir.
D)diferenciar.
E)dividir.
FAMERP20181a faseQuestao 19InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasFacil
Can plants hear? Flora may be able to detect the sounds of flowing water or munching insects Pseudoscientific claims that music helps plants grow have been made for decades, despite evidence that is shaky at best. Yet new research suggests some flora may be capable of sensing sounds, such as the gurgle of water through a pipe or the buzzing of insects. In a recent study, Monica Gagliano, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Western Australia, and her colleagues placed pea seedlings in pots shaped like an upside-down Y. One arm of each pot was placed in either a tray of water or a coiled plastic tube through which water flowed; the other arm had dry soil. The roots grew toward the arm of the pipe with the fluid, regardless of whether it was easily accessible or hidden inside the tubing. “They just knew the water was there, even if the only thing to detect was the sound of it flowing inside the pipe,” Gagliano says. Yet when the seedlings were given a choice between the water tube and some moistened soil, their roots favored the latter. She hypothesizes that these plants use sound waves to detect water at a distance but follow moisture gradients to home in on their target when it is closer. The research, reported earlier this year in Oecologia, is not the first to suggest flora can detect and interpret sounds. A 2014 study showed the rock cress Arabidopsis can distinguish between caterpillar chewing sounds and wind vibrations – the plant produced more chemical toxins after “hearing” a recording of feeding insects. “We tend to underestimate plants because their responses are usually less visible to us. But leaves turn out to be extremely sensitive vibration detectors,” says lead study author Heidi M. Appel, an environmental scientist now at the University of Toledo. (Marta Zaraska. www.scientificamerican.com, 17.05.2017.)
No terceiro parágrafo, o trecho “We tend to underestimate plants” indica que temos a tendência de
A)desconsiderar as plantas.
B)desqualificar as plantas.
C)superestimar as plantas.
D)desrespeitar as plantas.
E)subestimar as plantas.
FAMERP20171a faseQuestao 73InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasMedia
The placebo effect: amazing and real
November 2, 2015 Robert H. Shmerling
The placebo effect is a mysterious thing. I’ve long been fascinated by the idea that something as inert and harmless as a sugar pill could relieve a person’s pain or hasten their recovery just by the expectation that it would. Studies use placebos – an inactive treatment, such as a sugar pill – in an attempt to understand the true impact of the active drug. Comparing what happens to a group of patients taking the active drug with the results of those taking a placebo can help researchers understand just how good the active drug is. The word “placebo” comes from Latin and means “I shall please.” And “please” it does. In study after study, many patients who take a placebo show improvement in their symptoms or condition.
The placebo effect is for real Recent research on the placebo effect only confirms how powerful it can be – and that the benefits of a placebo treatment aren’t just “all in your head.” Measureable physiological changes can be observed in those taking a placebo, similar to those observed among people taking effective medications. In particular, blood pressure, heart rate, and blood test results have been shown to improve among subsets of research subjects who responded to a placebo. Of course, not everyone has a therapeutic response to a placebo. If that were the case, we wouldn’t need medications at all. Instead, we could simply wield the power of suggestion. Understanding why certain people improve with placebo treatment and others do not is the “holy grail” of placebo research.
Nocebo: Placebo’s evil twin The power of suggestion is a double-edged sword. If you expect a treatment to help you, it’s more likely to do so. And if you expect a treatment will be harmful, you are more likely to experience negative effects. That phenomenon is called the “nocebo effect” (from the Latin “I shall harm”). For example, if you tell a person that a headache is a common side effect of a particular medication, that person is more likely to report headaches even if they are actually taking a placebo. The power of expectation is formidable and probably plays a significant role in the benefits and the side effects of commonly prescribed medications. (www.health.harvard.edu. Adaptado.)
O trecho do segundo parágrafo “And ‘please’ it does.” tem sentido equivalente, em português, a:
A)O placebo realmente faz efeito, já que proporciona alívio aos pacientes.
B)Os pacientes confiam no placebo pois o consideram eficaz.
C)Os problemas de saúde e os sintomas dos pacientes melhoram mas não desaparecem com o placebo.
D)O estudo aprova o placebo como medicamento.
E)Os pesquisadores apreciam os efeitos do placebo.
No Presarium Vestibulares, você resolve essas questões com correção na hora, comentário e um painel que cruza a incidência com o seu desempenho — e monta sua lista de prioridade automaticamente.