Southern Brazil has two new Unesco Geoparks - here’s what visitors need to know
Last month, two zones in Brazil’s southernmost state were recognized by Unesco as Global Geopark regions: Quarta Colônia and Caçapava do Sul, both in Rio Grande do Sul. “Geoparks are territories defined by Unesco as areas that have a geological, geomorphological or paleontological heritage of international relevance and which can use said heritage as an element to facilitate regional development,” explains Dr Adriano Severo Figueiró of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), who was part of the team that proposed the regions for this designation. While the two parks are only a two-hour drive apart from each other, each has unique elements that make it an ideal catalyst for regional development. Some of the oldest rocks on Earth “Caçapava do Sul has a geomorphological uniqueness,” explains Dr André Borba, looking out across the succession of 500 million-year-old rock formations for which the park is famous. A professor of geoscience at UFSM and integral member of the Geopark’s research team, Borba has a passion for this part of the world that is more than evident. “These formations were here before any living thing, animal or plant, existed on this earth,” Borba marvels. Explore the Geoparks more deeply with a guide If you’re looking to climb higher – say, to the top of the Pedra do Segredo – or to take trails to some of the further outposts, such as Toca das Carretas or Pedra Furada, you’ll need a guide. Many of the trails remain unmarked, as many of them sit on private lands. Indigenous tribes and quilombos call the region home, as do family farms and cattle ranches. In this way, Geoparks are different from national parks. They often have no set delineation, may be managed by private entities and can include privately owned lands. The official Unesco designation helps local communities to identify and more deeply appreciate their unique natural surroundings and resources, and to create sustainable revenue models that directly benefit from conservation efforts.
An artisan connection Dr Elisângela Lopes da Silva was part of the group that spearheaded the Geopark project and the Unesco designation. Her contribution revolves around tourism development through the work of local artisans.
“I noticed there was something missing [that] connected artisan work with tourism in the region.” Originally a forest ranger and researcher, Dr Lopes da Silva managed to bridge the gap between the park and local artists with a co-op shop and atelier called Com Arte Atelier, located within Caçapava do Sul’s city limits. “I felt we needed to better understand how local artisans view the natural beauty of the region, how they relate to it and how they interpret it.” Where the dinosaurs roamed In Quarta Colônia, such an identity is more obvious. Although it too is replete with rivers and waterfalls, the Quarta Colônia Geopark is best known for the plethora of dinosaur fossils found within its territories, some of them over 230 million years old. Scientists have even discovered previously unknown species at the site. “In the region of Quarta Colônia, in particular, we have records of some that are the oldest dinosaurs in the world,” says Flávio Pretto, paleontologist at the Centro de Apoio à Pesquisa Paleontológica (CAPPA). “We also have a whole series of other animals that coexisted with them.” According to Pretto, the Geopark designation will help to support the research center and its mission, while simultaneously promoting education among local students, the community and tourists alike. “Our work is intimately related to the community. This was one of the reasons CAPPA was created,” Pretto explains. The group’s formation, together with the Unesco imprimatur, helps ensure that any fossils found within the park’s territories can remain within the community. With visitors ranging from three to 83 years old, the CAPPA research center works to educate the surrounding residents of all ages, thus deepening its scientists’ paleontological work. “One of the center’s recent major finds wasn’t unearthed by paleontologists,” says Pretto. “It was found by a farmer. A farmer and a carpenter. And thanks to the fact that they knew that it might be a fossil, due to our educational work in the community, they managed to reach out to us, and it ended up being a discovery of four almost complete skeletons of a previously undiscovered dinosaur species.” Fonte: PASKA, M. M. Lonely Planet, Southern Brazil has two new Unesco Geoparks - here’s what visitors need to know. Publicado em: 23 jun. 2023. Disponível em: <https://www. lonelyplanet.com/news/new-unesco-geoparks-brazil-riogrande-do-sul>. Acesso em: 07 ago. 2025. (Adaptado)
Sobre as informações relacionadas ao Geoparque Caçapava no texto, considere as afirmativas a seguir.
I → Em relação à localização, o Geoparque Caçapava encontra-se próximo ao Geoparque Quarta Colônia.
II → Em relação às características geomorfológicas, o Geoparque Caçapava é famoso por suas formações rochosas.
III → Em relação ao turismo, trilhas e escaladas são atividades que podem ser realizadas em qualquer espaço do Geoparque Caçapava, da mesma forma que acontece em outros parques nacionais.
IV → Em relação ao artesanato local, a abertura de uma loja e um ateliê, no Geoparque Caçapava, possibilitou a conexão entre o parque e os artesãos locais.
Está(ão) correta(s)
A)apenas I.
B)apenas I e II.
C)apenas II e III.
D)apenas III e IV.
E)apenas I, II e IV.
UFSM2026Prova 3Questao 38InglêsInterpretação de texto (inglês)Facil
Para responder às questões 38 e 39, leia o texto a seguir.
Future of Jobs Report 2025: the jobs of the future
About 170 million new jobs will be created by global macro trends this decade. That's according to a new report from the World Economic Forum that delves into the future of work over the next five years.
The Future of Jobs Report 2025 finds that, driven by technological development, the green transition, economic and demographic shifts, the global labour market is being reshaped. The jobs created are equivalent to 14% of today's employment. Alongside, 92 million roles will be displaced by these same trends. This means there will be a net employment increase of 78 million jobs. To find out, the report surveyed more than 1,000 of the largest employers around the world, representing 22 industry clusters and more than 14 million workers.
Five jobs of the future
Some jobs are growing fast – in percentage terms, demand for roles driven by technological advancements such as artificial intelligence (AI) is quickly increasing. These jobs include big data specialists, fintech engineers and AI and machine learning specialists. But what about absolute numbers? Combining estimates from surveyed companies with International Labour Organization employment data, the report lists the 15 professions that will see the largest net growth and decline.
The largest growing jobs are dominated by roles core to many economies. Farmworkers top the list. [...] Delivery drivers, software developers, building construction workers and shop salespersons complete the top five. Food processing workers also feature among the largest growing jobs, while care jobs – including nursing professionals, social workers and counselling professionals – are projected to grow significantly over the next five years. This can be explained by demographic trends, especially ageing working-age populations, the report says.
Fonte: WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM. Future of Jobs Report 2025: jobs of the future and the skills you need to get them. Disponível em: weforum.org. Acesso em: 20 ago. 2025. (Adaptado)
De acordo com o relatório do Fórum Econômico Mundial mencionado no texto, considere as afirmativas a seguir.
I → Cerca de 170 milhões de novos empregos serão criados por macrotendências globais nesta década.
II → O desenvolvimento tecnológico, a transição verde e as mudanças econômicas e demográficas estão remodelando o mercado de trabalho global.
III → Os novos empregos a serem criados serão equivalentes a um aumento de 14% da taxa de empregabilidade atual.
IV → A substituição de 78 milhões de postos de trabalho está relacionada às macrotendências globais apontadas no relatório.
Está(ão) correta(s)
A)apenas I.
B)apenas I e II.
C)apenas II e III.
D)apenas II e IV.
E)apenas I, III e IV.
UFSM2026Prova 2Questao 38InglêsInterpretação de textoMedia
Para responder às questões 38 a 40, leia o texto a seguir.
Why reading books is good for society, wellbeing and your career
TikTok allows video up to 10 minutes, but says surveys show almost half its users are stressed by anything longer than a minute. An Instagram video can be up to 90 seconds, but experts reckon the ideal time to maximise engagement is less than 15 seconds. Twitter doubled the length of tweets in 2017 to 280 characters, but the typical length is more like 33 characters. It’s easy to get sucked into short and sensational content. But if you’re worried this may be harming your attention span, you should be. There’s solid evidence that so many demands on our attention make us more stressed, and that the endless social comparison makes us feel worse about ourselves. For better mental health, read a book. Studies show a range of psychological benefits from book-reading. Reading fiction can increase your capacity for empathy, through the process of seeing the world through a relatable character. Reading has been found to reduce stress as effectively as yoga. It is being prescribed for depression – a treatment known as bibliotherapy. Book-reading is also a strong marker of curiosity – a quality prized by employers such as Google. Our research shows reading is as strongly associated with curiosity as interest in science, and more strongly than mathematical ability. And it’s not just that curious minds are more likely to read because of a thirst for knowledge and understanding. That happens too, but our research has specifically been to investigate the role of reading in the development of curious minds.
Tracking reading and curiosity Our findings come from analysing data from the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth, which tracks the progress of young Australians from the age of 15 till 25. Longitudinal surveys provide valuable insights by surveying the same people – in this case a group of about 10,000 young people. Every year for ten years they are asked about their achievements, aspirations, education, employment and life satisfaction.
There have been five survey cohorts since 1998, the most recent starting in 2016. We analysed three of them – those beginning in 2003, 2006 and 2009, looking at the data up to age 20, at which age most have a job or are looking for one. The survey data is rich enough to develop proxy measures of reading and curiosity levels. It includes participants’ scores in the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment tests for reading, mathematics and science ability. There are survey questions about time spent reading for pleasure, time reading newspapers or magazines, and library use. We used statistical modelling to control for environmental and demographic variables and distinguish the effect of reading activity as a teenager on greater curiosity as a young adult. This modelling gives us confidence that reading is not just correlated with curiosity. Reading books helps build curiosity. Does this mean if you’re older that it’s too late to start reading? No. Our results relate to young people because the data was available. No matter what your age, deep reading has benefits over social-media scrolling.
Tips to get back into books If you are having difficulty choosing between your phone and a book, here’s a simple tip proven by behavioural science. To change behaviour it also helps to change your environment. Try the following: • Carry a book at all times, or leave books around the house in convenient places. • Schedule reading time into your day. 20 minutes is enough. This reinforces the habit and ensures regular immersion in the book world. • If you’re not enjoying a book, try another. Don’t force yourself. You’ll feel better for it – and be prepared for a future employer asking you what books you’re reading. Fonte: ELKINS, M.; FRY, J.; FARELL, L. Why reading books is good for society, wellbeing and your career. Publicado em: 11 abr. 2023. Disponível em: https://findanexpert.unimelb.edu.au/news/63284-why-reading-books-is-good-for-society--wellbeing-and-your-career. Acesso em: 13 ago. 2025. (Adaptado)
Com relação aos estudos apresentados no texto, assinale a alternativa correta sobre os benefícios da leitura de livros.
A)A leitura de livros de ficção pode aumentar a capacidade de empatia, pois o leitor começa a vivenciar o mundo real como o próprio personagem da ficção.
B)A leitura reduz o estresse da mesma forma que a prática de ioga, mas ainda não pode ser prescrita como tratamento para depressão.
C)A leitura está associada à curiosidade, mas somente em relação às ciências e à habilidade em matemática.
D)O tempo utilizado pelos jovens para leitura de lazer, de jornais e de revistas e o tempo despendido em dispositivos móveis de leitura são fatores essenciais para o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico.
E)O ato de ler livros auxilia a desenvolver a curiosidade e apresenta vantagens em relação à navegação em redes sociais.
Southern Brazil has two new Unesco Geoparks - here’s what visitors need to know
Last month, two zones in Brazil’s southernmost state were recognized by Unesco as Global Geopark regions: Quarta Colônia and Caçapava do Sul, both in Rio Grande do Sul. “Geoparks are territories defined by Unesco as areas that have a geological, geomorphological or paleontological heritage of international relevance and which can use said heritage as an element to facilitate regional development,” explains Dr Adriano Severo Figueiró of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), who was part of the team that proposed the regions for this designation. While the two parks are only a two-hour drive apart from each other, each has unique elements that make it an ideal catalyst for regional development. Some of the oldest rocks on Earth “Caçapava do Sul has a geomorphological uniqueness,” explains Dr André Borba, looking out across the succession of 500 million-year-old rock formations for which the park is famous. A professor of geoscience at UFSM and integral member of the Geopark’s research team, Borba has a passion for this part of the world that is more than evident. “These formations were here before any living thing, animal or plant, existed on this earth,” Borba marvels. Explore the Geoparks more deeply with a guide If you’re looking to climb higher – say, to the top of the Pedra do Segredo – or to take trails to some of the further outposts, such as Toca das Carretas or Pedra Furada, you’ll need a guide. Many of the trails remain unmarked, as many of them sit on private lands. Indigenous tribes and quilombos call the region home, as do family farms and cattle ranches. In this way, Geoparks are different from national parks. They often have no set delineation, may be managed by private entities and can include privately owned lands. The official Unesco designation helps local communities to identify and more deeply appreciate their unique natural surroundings and resources, and to create sustainable revenue models that directly benefit from conservation efforts.
An artisan connection Dr Elisângela Lopes da Silva was part of the group that spearheaded the Geopark project and the Unesco designation. Her contribution revolves around tourism development through the work of local artisans.
“I noticed there was something missing [that] connected artisan work with tourism in the region.” Originally a forest ranger and researcher, Dr Lopes da Silva managed to bridge the gap between the park and local artists with a co-op shop and atelier called Com Arte Atelier, located within Caçapava do Sul’s city limits. “I felt we needed to better understand how local artisans view the natural beauty of the region, how they relate to it and how they interpret it.” Where the dinosaurs roamed In Quarta Colônia, such an identity is more obvious. Although it too is replete with rivers and waterfalls, the Quarta Colônia Geopark is best known for the plethora of dinosaur fossils found within its territories, some of them over 230 million years old. Scientists have even discovered previously unknown species at the site. “In the region of Quarta Colônia, in particular, we have records of some that are the oldest dinosaurs in the world,” says Flávio Pretto, paleontologist at the Centro de Apoio à Pesquisa Paleontológica (CAPPA). “We also have a whole series of other animals that coexisted with them.” According to Pretto, the Geopark designation will help to support the research center and its mission, while simultaneously promoting education among local students, the community and tourists alike. “Our work is intimately related to the community. This was one of the reasons CAPPA was created,” Pretto explains. The group’s formation, together with the Unesco imprimatur, helps ensure that any fossils found within the park’s territories can remain within the community. With visitors ranging from three to 83 years old, the CAPPA research center works to educate the surrounding residents of all ages, thus deepening its scientists’ paleontological work. “One of the center’s recent major finds wasn’t unearthed by paleontologists,” says Pretto. “It was found by a farmer. A farmer and a carpenter. And thanks to the fact that they knew that it might be a fossil, due to our educational work in the community, they managed to reach out to us, and it ended up being a discovery of four almost complete skeletons of a previously undiscovered dinosaur species.” Fonte: PASKA, M. M. Lonely Planet, Southern Brazil has two new Unesco Geoparks - here’s what visitors need to know. Publicado em: 23 jun. 2023. Disponível em: <https://www. lonelyplanet.com/news/new-unesco-geoparks-brazil-riogrande-do-sul>. Acesso em: 07 ago. 2025. (Adaptado)
Considerando as informações apresentadas no texto sobre o Geoparque Quarta Colônia, é correto afirmar que
A)os pesquisadores encontraram, até o momento, somente espécies conhecidas de fósseis de dinossauros no parque.
B)registros de fósseis de alguns dos dinossauros mais antigos do mundo ainda não foram identificados no parque.
C)a designação de Geoparque Mundial da Unesco assegura que qualquer fóssil encontrado dentro dos territórios do parque permaneça junto à comunidade.
D)o geoparque recebe visitantes que são, em sua maioria, adultos e idosos de até 83 anos.
E)a maior e mais recente descoberta do centro de pesquisas do geoparque foi realizada pelos paleontólogos que trabalham no local.
UFSM2026Prova 2Questao 39InglêsConectivos e coesãoMedia
Para responder às questões 38 a 40, leia o texto a seguir.
Why reading books is good for society, wellbeing and your career
TikTok allows video up to 10 minutes, but says surveys show almost half its users are stressed by anything longer than a minute. An Instagram video can be up to 90 seconds, but experts reckon the ideal time to maximise engagement is less than 15 seconds. Twitter doubled the length of tweets in 2017 to 280 characters, but the typical length is more like 33 characters. It’s easy to get sucked into short and sensational content. But if you’re worried this may be harming your attention span, you should be. There’s solid evidence that so many demands on our attention make us more stressed, and that the endless social comparison makes us feel worse about ourselves. For better mental health, read a book. Studies show a range of psychological benefits from book-reading. Reading fiction can increase your capacity for empathy, through the process of seeing the world through a relatable character. Reading has been found to reduce stress as effectively as yoga. It is being prescribed for depression – a treatment known as bibliotherapy. Book-reading is also a strong marker of curiosity – a quality prized by employers such as Google. Our research shows reading is as strongly associated with curiosity as interest in science, and more strongly than mathematical ability. And it’s not just that curious minds are more likely to read because of a thirst for knowledge and understanding. That happens too, but our research has specifically been to investigate the role of reading in the development of curious minds.
Tracking reading and curiosity Our findings come from analysing data from the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth, which tracks the progress of young Australians from the age of 15 till 25. Longitudinal surveys provide valuable insights by surveying the same people – in this case a group of about 10,000 young people. Every year for ten years they are asked about their achievements, aspirations, education, employment and life satisfaction.
There have been five survey cohorts since 1998, the most recent starting in 2016. We analysed three of them – those beginning in 2003, 2006 and 2009, looking at the data up to age 20, at which age most have a job or are looking for one. The survey data is rich enough to develop proxy measures of reading and curiosity levels. It includes participants’ scores in the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment tests for reading, mathematics and science ability. There are survey questions about time spent reading for pleasure, time reading newspapers or magazines, and library use. We used statistical modelling to control for environmental and demographic variables and distinguish the effect of reading activity as a teenager on greater curiosity as a young adult. This modelling gives us confidence that reading is not just correlated with curiosity. Reading books helps build curiosity. Does this mean if you’re older that it’s too late to start reading? No. Our results relate to young people because the data was available. No matter what your age, deep reading has benefits over social-media scrolling.
Tips to get back into books If you are having difficulty choosing between your phone and a book, here’s a simple tip proven by behavioural science. To change behaviour it also helps to change your environment. Try the following: • Carry a book at all times, or leave books around the house in convenient places. • Schedule reading time into your day. 20 minutes is enough. This reinforces the habit and ensures regular immersion in the book world. • If you’re not enjoying a book, try another. Don’t force yourself. You’ll feel better for it – and be prepared for a future employer asking you what books you’re reading. Fonte: ELKINS, M.; FRY, J.; FARELL, L. Why reading books is good for society, wellbeing and your career. Publicado em: 11 abr. 2023. Disponível em: https://findanexpert.unimelb.edu.au/news/63284-why-reading-books-is-good-for-society--wellbeing-and-your-career. Acesso em: 13 ago. 2025. (Adaptado)
Com relação ao uso de recursos linguísticos que estabelecem relações lógico-semânticas no texto, considere as afirmativas a seguir.
I → Em “TikTok allows video up to 10 minutes, but says surveys show almost half its users are stressed by anything longer than a minute” (ℓ. 01-03), o termo “longer than” expressa comparação em relação à duração máxima de tempo permitido em vídeos em uma rede social e a média do tempo gasto pelos usuários ao assistir a esses vídeos.
II → Em “Twitter doubled the length of tweets in 2017 to 280 characters, but the typical length is more like 33 characters” (ℓ. 06-08), o termo “but” expressa oposição de ideias no que tange à quantidade máxima e à quantidade utilizada de caracteres para escrever em uma rede social.
III → Em “Book-reading is also a strong marker of curiosity – a quality prized by employers such as Google” (ℓ. 24-25), o termo “strong marker” expressa comparação em relação à leitura de livros em uma rede social.
IV → Em “If you are having difficulty choosing between your phone and a book, here’s a simple tip proven by behavioural science” (ℓ. 71-73), o termo “if” expressa condição de ideias em relação à dificuldade de escolha entre dois objetos.
Está(ão) correta(s)
A)apenas I.
B)apenas I e II.
C)apenas III e IV.
D)apenas I, II e IV.
E)apenas II, III e IV.
UFSM2026Prova 3Questao 39InglêsSufixo -ing: gerúndio e formas nominaisFacil
Para responder às questões 38 e 39, leia o texto a seguir.
Future of Jobs Report 2025: the jobs of the future
About 170 million new jobs will be created by global macro trends this decade. That's according to a new report from the World Economic Forum that delves into the future of work over the next five years.
The Future of Jobs Report 2025 finds that, driven by technological development, the green transition, economic and demographic shifts, the global labour market is being reshaped. The jobs created are equivalent to 14% of today's employment. Alongside, 92 million roles will be displaced by these same trends. This means there will be a net employment increase of 78 million jobs. To find out, the report surveyed more than 1,000 of the largest employers around the world, representing 22 industry clusters and more than 14 million workers.
Five jobs of the future
Some jobs are growing fast – in percentage terms, demand for roles driven by technological advancements such as artificial intelligence (AI) is quickly increasing. These jobs include big data specialists, fintech engineers and AI and machine learning specialists. But what about absolute numbers? Combining estimates from surveyed companies with International Labour Organization employment data, the report lists the 15 professions that will see the largest net growth and decline.
The largest growing jobs are dominated by roles core to many economies. Farmworkers top the list. [...] Delivery drivers, software developers, building construction workers and shop salespersons complete the top five.
Fonte: WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM. Future of Jobs Report 2025. Disponível em: weforum.org. Acesso em: 20 ago. 2025. (Adaptado)
No texto, o sufixo “ing” está presente nas palavras “growing” (ℓ. 20), “increasing” (ℓ. 23), “learning” (ℓ. 25) e “building” (ℓ. 40). Com relação ao acréscimo do sufixo “ing” nas palavras apresentadas, assinale V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso) em cada afirmativa a seguir.
( ) Em “growing” (ℓ. 20) e “increasing” (ℓ. 23), o “ing” formou verbos no tempo verbal presente contínuo.
( ) Em “learning” (ℓ. 25), o “ing” formou um verbo no presente contínuo que caracteriza o processo de aprendizagem de máquina por especialistas.
( ) Em “building” (ℓ. 40), o “ing” formou um substantivo que é caracterizado pelo adjetivo “workers” (ℓ. 41).
A sequência correta é
Southern Brazil has two new Unesco Geoparks - here’s what visitors need to know
Last month, two zones in Brazil’s southernmost state were recognized by Unesco as Global Geopark regions: Quarta Colônia and Caçapava do Sul, both in Rio Grande do Sul. “Geoparks are territories defined by Unesco as areas that have a geological, geomorphological or paleontological heritage of international relevance and which can use said heritage as an element to facilitate regional development,” explains Dr Adriano Severo Figueiró of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), who was part of the team that proposed the regions for this designation. While the two parks are only a two-hour drive apart from each other, each has unique elements that make it an ideal catalyst for regional development. Some of the oldest rocks on Earth “Caçapava do Sul has a geomorphological uniqueness,” explains Dr André Borba, looking out across the succession of 500 million-year-old rock formations for which the park is famous. A professor of geoscience at UFSM and integral member of the Geopark’s research team, Borba has a passion for this part of the world that is more than evident. “These formations were here before any living thing, animal or plant, existed on this earth,” Borba marvels. Explore the Geoparks more deeply with a guide If you’re looking to climb higher – say, to the top of the Pedra do Segredo – or to take trails to some of the further outposts, such as Toca das Carretas or Pedra Furada, you’ll need a guide. Many of the trails remain unmarked, as many of them sit on private lands. Indigenous tribes and quilombos call the region home, as do family farms and cattle ranches. In this way, Geoparks are different from national parks. They often have no set delineation, may be managed by private entities and can include privately owned lands. The official Unesco designation helps local communities to identify and more deeply appreciate their unique natural surroundings and resources, and to create sustainable revenue models that directly benefit from conservation efforts.
An artisan connection Dr Elisângela Lopes da Silva was part of the group that spearheaded the Geopark project and the Unesco designation. Her contribution revolves around tourism development through the work of local artisans.
“I noticed there was something missing [that] connected artisan work with tourism in the region.” Originally a forest ranger and researcher, Dr Lopes da Silva managed to bridge the gap between the park and local artists with a co-op shop and atelier called Com Arte Atelier, located within Caçapava do Sul’s city limits. “I felt we needed to better understand how local artisans view the natural beauty of the region, how they relate to it and how they interpret it.” Where the dinosaurs roamed In Quarta Colônia, such an identity is more obvious. Although it too is replete with rivers and waterfalls, the Quarta Colônia Geopark is best known for the plethora of dinosaur fossils found within its territories, some of them over 230 million years old. Scientists have even discovered previously unknown species at the site. “In the region of Quarta Colônia, in particular, we have records of some that are the oldest dinosaurs in the world,” says Flávio Pretto, paleontologist at the Centro de Apoio à Pesquisa Paleontológica (CAPPA). “We also have a whole series of other animals that coexisted with them.” According to Pretto, the Geopark designation will help to support the research center and its mission, while simultaneously promoting education among local students, the community and tourists alike. “Our work is intimately related to the community. This was one of the reasons CAPPA was created,” Pretto explains. The group’s formation, together with the Unesco imprimatur, helps ensure that any fossils found within the park’s territories can remain within the community. With visitors ranging from three to 83 years old, the CAPPA research center works to educate the surrounding residents of all ages, thus deepening its scientists’ paleontological work. “One of the center’s recent major finds wasn’t unearthed by paleontologists,” says Pretto. “It was found by a farmer. A farmer and a carpenter. And thanks to the fact that they knew that it might be a fossil, due to our educational work in the community, they managed to reach out to us, and it ended up being a discovery of four almost complete skeletons of a previously undiscovered dinosaur species.” Fonte: PASKA, M. M. Lonely Planet, Southern Brazil has two new Unesco Geoparks - here’s what visitors need to know. Publicado em: 23 jun. 2023. Disponível em: <https://www. lonelyplanet.com/news/new-unesco-geoparks-brazil-riogrande-do-sul>. Acesso em: 07 ago. 2025. (Adaptado)
Em relação às palavras “unmarked”, “unknown” e “undiscovered” usadas no texto, assinale V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso) em cada afirmativa a seguir.
( ) Os termos “unknown” e “undiscovered” modificam espécies de dinossauros.
( ) O termo “unmarked” modifica tribos indígenas e quilombos.
( ) Duas das palavras são formadas pelo acréscimo de prefixo e sufixo, e todas possuem o mesmo prefixo.
A sequência correta é
A)V – V – V.
B)V – F – V.
C)F – F – V.
D)F – V – F.
E)V – V – F.
UFSM2026Prova 2Questao 40InglêsInterpretação de textoMedia
Para responder às questões 38 a 40, leia o texto a seguir.
Why reading books is good for society, wellbeing and your career
TikTok allows video up to 10 minutes, but says surveys show almost half its users are stressed by anything longer than a minute. An Instagram video can be up to 90 seconds, but experts reckon the ideal time to maximise engagement is less than 15 seconds. Twitter doubled the length of tweets in 2017 to 280 characters, but the typical length is more like 33 characters. It’s easy to get sucked into short and sensational content. But if you’re worried this may be harming your attention span, you should be. There’s solid evidence that so many demands on our attention make us more stressed, and that the endless social comparison makes us feel worse about ourselves. For better mental health, read a book. Studies show a range of psychological benefits from book-reading. Reading fiction can increase your capacity for empathy, through the process of seeing the world through a relatable character. Reading has been found to reduce stress as effectively as yoga. It is being prescribed for depression – a treatment known as bibliotherapy. Book-reading is also a strong marker of curiosity – a quality prized by employers such as Google. Our research shows reading is as strongly associated with curiosity as interest in science, and more strongly than mathematical ability. And it’s not just that curious minds are more likely to read because of a thirst for knowledge and understanding. That happens too, but our research has specifically been to investigate the role of reading in the development of curious minds.
Tracking reading and curiosity Our findings come from analysing data from the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth, which tracks the progress of young Australians from the age of 15 till 25. Longitudinal surveys provide valuable insights by surveying the same people – in this case a group of about 10,000 young people. Every year for ten years they are asked about their achievements, aspirations, education, employment and life satisfaction.
There have been five survey cohorts since 1998, the most recent starting in 2016. We analysed three of them – those beginning in 2003, 2006 and 2009, looking at the data up to age 20, at which age most have a job or are looking for one. The survey data is rich enough to develop proxy measures of reading and curiosity levels. It includes participants’ scores in the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment tests for reading, mathematics and science ability. There are survey questions about time spent reading for pleasure, time reading newspapers or magazines, and library use. We used statistical modelling to control for environmental and demographic variables and distinguish the effect of reading activity as a teenager on greater curiosity as a young adult. This modelling gives us confidence that reading is not just correlated with curiosity. Reading books helps build curiosity. Does this mean if you’re older that it’s too late to start reading? No. Our results relate to young people because the data was available. No matter what your age, deep reading has benefits over social-media scrolling.
Tips to get back into books If you are having difficulty choosing between your phone and a book, here’s a simple tip proven by behavioural science. To change behaviour it also helps to change your environment. Try the following: • Carry a book at all times, or leave books around the house in convenient places. • Schedule reading time into your day. 20 minutes is enough. This reinforces the habit and ensures regular immersion in the book world. • If you’re not enjoying a book, try another. Don’t force yourself. You’ll feel better for it – and be prepared for a future employer asking you what books you’re reading. Fonte: ELKINS, M.; FRY, J.; FARELL, L. Why reading books is good for society, wellbeing and your career. Publicado em: 11 abr. 2023. Disponível em: https://findanexpert.unimelb.edu.au/news/63284-why-reading-books-is-good-for-society--wellbeing-and-your-career. Acesso em: 13 ago. 2025. (Adaptado)
Ao final do texto, são apresentadas três dicas para retornar à leitura de livros, em comparação com o uso do telefone celular. Com relação às dicas para retomar a leitura de livros, assinale V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso) em cada afirmativa a seguir.
( ) A primeira dica é escolher um lugar específico de sua casa para deixar o livro visível, a fim de carregá-lo consigo para todos os lugares ao sair.
( ) A segunda dica é agendar um tempo de leitura diário de, aproximadamente, vinte minutos para reforçar o hábito de ler e manter-se imerso no mundo dos livros.
( ) A terceira dica é não ler mais de um livro ao mesmo tempo; é preciso terminar a leitura de um livro para iniciar a leitura do próximo.
A sequência correta é
A)V – F – F.
B)F – V – V.
C)V – F – V.
D)F – V – F.
E)V – V – F.
UFSM2026Prova 3Questao 40InglêsLeitura de gráfico em inglêsFacil
O Fórum Econômico Mundial publica, anualmente, um relatório que explora como empregos e habilidades de trabalho se modificam ao longo dos anos. O relatório sobre o futuro dos empregos no mundo apresenta o gráfico a seguir.
Skill assessment mechanisms, 2025−2030 — Share of employers surveyed which will prioritize the following ways to assess skills when hiring. Fonte: WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM, Future of Jobs Survey, 2024.
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta uma leitura adequada das informações apresentadas no gráfico.
Imagens anexadas
A)Diferentes mecanismos de autoavaliação são usados pelos empregadores ao contratar novos funcionários.
B)A avaliação da experiência no trabalho é a habilidade menos priorizada pelos empregadores ao contratar novos funcionários.
C)A formação universitária equivale a 48% das habilidades mensuradas pelos empregadores ao contratar novos funcionários.
D)A conclusão de estágios é a quinta habilidade mais mensurada em avaliações pelos empregadores ao contratar novos funcionários.
E)A taxa de 12% de empregadores não avalia as habilidades de seus contratados.
UFSM2025Prova 3Questao 38InglêsReading comprehension (atribuição de fala)Media
9 ways AI is helping tackle climate change
01 The use of artificial intelligence (AI) can
contribute to the fight against climate change.
Almost 4 billion people already live in areas
highly vulnerable to climate change, according to
05 the World Health Organization.
Here are nine ways AI is already helping to
tackle climate change.
1. Icebergs are melting – AI knows where and
how fast
10 AI has been trained to measure changes in
icebergs 10,000 times faster than a human could
do it.
This will help scientists understand how much
meltwater icebergs release into the ocean – a
15 process accelerating as climate change warms
the atmosphere.
Scientists at the University of Leeds in the United
Kingdom say their AI can map large Antarctic
icebergs in satellite images in just one-hundredth
20 of a second, reports the European Space Agency.
2. Mapping deforestation with AI
AI, satellite images and ecology expertise are
also being used to map the impact of deforestation
on the climate crisis.
25 Space Intelligence, a company based in
Edinburgh, Scotland, says it is working in more than
30 countries and has mapped more than 1 million
hectares of land from space using satellite data.
The company’s technology remotely measures
30 metrics, such as deforestation rates and how much
carbon is stored in a forest.
3. AI is helping communities facing climate
risks in Africa
In Africa, AI is being used in a United Nations
35 project to help communities vulnerable to climate
change in Burundi, Chad and Sudan.
The IKI Project uses AI technology to help predict
weather patterns, so communities and authorities
can better plan how to adapt to climate change and
40 mitigate its impact.
This includes improving access to clean energy,
implementing proper waste management systems
and encouraging reforestation.
4. Using AI to recycle more waste
45 Another AI system is helping to tackle climate
change by making waste management more efficient.
Waste is a big producer of methane and is
responsible for 16% of global greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions, according to the United States
50 Environmental Protection Agency.
Greyparrot, a software startup based in London,
United Kingdom, has developed an AI system that
analyzes waste processing and recycling facilities to
help them recover and recycle more waste material.
55 The company tracked 32 billion waste items
across 67 waste categories in 2022, and says it
identifies 86 tonnes of material on average that
could be recovered but is being sent to landfill.
5. AI is cleaning up the ocean
60 In the Netherlands, an environmental
organization called The Ocean Cleanup is using AI
and other technologies to help clear plastic pollution
from the ocean.
AI that detects objects is helping the organization
65 create detailed maps of ocean litter in remote
locations. The ocean waste can then be gathered
and removed, which is more efficient than previous
cleanup methods using trawlers and aeroplanes.
Plastic pollution contributes to climate change by
70 emitting GHGs and harming nature.
6. AI helps predict climate disasters
In São Paulo, Brazil, a company called Sipremo is
using AI to predict where and when climate disasters
will occur, and what type of climate disasters they
75 will be.
The aim is to help businesses and governments
better prepare for climate change and the growing
challenges for communities that come with it.
The company works in industries including
80 insurance, energy, logistics and sport, where its
analysis of disaster conditions and factors such as
air quality can inform decisions on whether to delay
or suspend events.
7. A wish list of AI climate tools
85 Google DeepMind, Google’s AI research laboratory,
says it is applying AI to help fight climate change in
a number of areas.
This includes building a complete wish list of
datasets that would advance global AI solutions for
90 climate change. Google DeepMind is working on this
with Climate Change AI, a non-profit organization
set up by volunteers from academia and industry
who see a key role for machine learning in
combating climate change.
95 Other Google AI tools are focused on improving
weather forecasting and increasing the value of
wind energy by better predicting the output from
a wind farm.
8. How AI can help industry decarbonize
100 AI is being used to help companies in the metal
and mining, oil, and gas industries to decarbonize
their operations.
Eugenie.ai, based in California, United States,
has developed an emissions-tracking platform that
105 combines satellite imagery with data from machines
and processes.
AI then analyzes this data to help companies
track, trace and reduce their emissions by 20-30%.
Industrial sectors generate around 30% of
110 greenhouse gas emissions globally.
9. Reforesting hills in Brazil using drones
AI-powered computers are pairing up with
drones in Brazil to reforest the hills around the
coastal city of Rio de Janeiro, Reuters reports. The
115 computers define the targets and number of seeds
to be dropped.
The initiative, which launched in January 2024, is a
partnership between Rio’s city hall and start-up Morfo,
and aims to grow seeds in hard-to-reach areas.
120 A single drone can disperse 180 seed capsules
per minute, which is 100 times faster than using
human hands for traditional reforestation, according
to the local government.
The potential of AI in the future
125 In the future, generative AI could be used in
contexts such as drug design, architecture and
engineering, the Forum says.
AI can also be used to improve agriculture and
reduce its environmental impact by processing data
130 from sensors placed on crops.
The technologies listed in the report can be used
to help tackle global challenges like the climate
crisis – but more innovation is needed, the authors
point out.
Com base nas informações do texto, considere as afirmativas a seguir.
I → As nove tecnologias de Inteligência Artificial descritas no texto foram propostas por setores privados e/ou públicos, tais como universidades, empresas, organizações e prefeituras.
II → O degelo acelerado de icebergs, a reciclagem ineficiente de resíduos, a poluição dos oceanos, o reflorestamento e a previsão mais precisa do tempo são problemas climáticos que a Inteligência Artificial está ajudando a combater.
III → O texto traz informações sobre os objetivos de cada inovação reportada e os respectivos resultados já alcançados.
IV → As tecnologias de Inteligência Artificial descritas no texto são insuficientes para solucionar a crise climática.
Estão corretas
Leia o texto a seguir para responder às questões 38, 39 e 40.
Made in Latin America – innovations for sustainable living that could change the world
A treasure inside avocados
Scott Munguía produces bioplastics from avocado seeds. This young Mexican chemical engineer discovered in 2011 that the avocado seed contains a biopolymer similar to the one present in corn, which is used to produce bioplastic. In 2014, he founded Biofase, a company based in Monterrey that commercializes bioplastic products, made of 60 per cent avocado biopolymer and 40 per cent synthetic organic compounds. The straws and cutlery made from avocado seeds degrade in only 240 days, and there is no need for incineration. Biofase’s products have a great manufacturing potential. According to Munguía, 300 000 tonnes of avocado seeds are discarded annually in Mexico, an estimated 20 per cent of the global demand for bioplastics. Unlike other types of bioplastics, this alternative does not use crops suitable for human consumption – such as corn or cassava. “Bioplastics must be sustainable. How can you make bioplastic from food? There are so many people starving and there is so much trouble around the cost of corn […], we should not take food away from people,” Munguía said.
Water-soluble bags
One million plastic bags are consumed every minute worldwide. Most of them end up in landfills or in the oceans. The one-piece polyethylene shopping bag, created in the 1960s, takes up to 500 years to degrade. So when Roberto Astete and Cristian Olivares, founders of Chilean start-up Solubag, presented a plastic bag which dissolves in water in just a few minutes, they raised many eyebrows. “The bag completely dissolves in water, with no harm. You can even drink the water, as it has no chemicals,” said Cristian Olivares, the company’s commercial manager. The secret? According to Olivares, Solubags uses limestone instead of oil by-products. That is why they have zero environmental impact compared to other alternatives like oxo-biodegradable bags, which are still made of polyethylene and break into small pieces of toxic plastic. Their innovation is expected to be widely accepted in Chile, where a ban on plastic bags in large businesses came into force in February 2019.
A home for a sustainable lifestyle
Our energy consumption depends directly on the conditions of ventilation, temperature and light in our homes. In the coming years, the construction sector must embrace these variables in order to increase energy efficiency and accelerate climate action. Currently, the buildings sector accounts for a significant 39 per cent of total energy-related CO2 emissions, according to The 2018 Global Status Report. With this challenge in mind, a group of students, graduates and professors from the ORT University Uruguay created La Casa Uruguaya (The Uruguayan House), a sustainable and intelligent housing project inspired from bioclimatic architecture and equipped with technology that can reduce energy consumption while offering a sustainable and accessible lifestyle. The living unit consists of a house inside a box, according to the ORT University Uruguay. The insulation prevents heat and cold from entering. It has two ceilings – one on top of the other – and, between the two, moving parts that can be remotely opened or closed in order to regulate indoor temperature. Windows are strategically located to improve lighting. The house is self-supplied with solar energy, notifies inhabitants of energy misuses, has a water reuse system, and sensors that help to regulate temperature, humidity or lighting. The unit can be installed in only 15 days and costs between 50 000 and 90 000 US dollars.
Fonte: UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT. Made in Latin America – four innovations for sustainable living that could change the world. Publicado em: 09 mar. 2019. (Adaptado).
Considere os seguintes segmentos do texto:
I → “The straws and cutlery made from avocado seeds degrade in only 240 days” (ℓ. 06).
II → “One million plastic bags are consumed every minute worldwide” (ℓ. 16).
III → “The one-piece polyethylene shopping bag, created in the 1960s, takes up to 500 years to degrade” (ℓ. 17).
IV → “(...) the buildings sector accounts for a significant 39 per cent of total energy-related CO2 emissions” (ℓ. 30-31).
A(s) afirmativa(s) que traz(em) dado(s) numérico(s) sobre problema(s) a ser(em) enfrentado(s) para um mundo mais sustentável é(são)
A)apenas II.
B)apenas I e III.
C)apenas I e IV.
D)apenas II, III e IV.
E)I, II, III e IV.
UFSM2025Prova 1Questao 38InglêsReading comprehension (atribuição de fala)Facil
Leia o infográfico a seguir para responder às questões 38, 39 e 40.
Sobre as informações e sua disposição no infográfico, considere as afirmativas a seguir.
I → O círculo central, no infográfico, indica que lugares saudáveis têm impacto positivo na saúde das pessoas.
II → O círculo intermediário apresenta três características de lugares saudáveis.
III → As nove qualidades apresentadas no círculo externo do infográfico são importantes para a saúde das pessoas.
IV → As informações apresentadas, na trajetória centro-margem do infográfico, são gerais no centro e cada vez mais detalhadas em direção ao círculo externo.
Está(ão) correta(s)
No Presarium Vestibulares, você resolve essas questões com correção na hora, comentário e um painel que cruza a incidência com o seu desempenho — e monta sua lista de prioridade automaticamente.