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FAMEMA20251a faseQuestao 31InglêsInterpretação de textoFacil
A gender stereotype is a generalized view or preconception about attributes or characteristics, or the roles that are or ought to be possessed by, or performed by, women and men. A gender stereotype is harmful when it limits women’s and men’s capacity to develop their personal abilities, pursue their professional careers and/or make choices about their lives. Whether clearly hostile (such as “women are irrational”) or seemingly benign (“women are nurturing”), harmful stereotypes perpetuate inequalities. For example, the traditional view of women as care givers means that child care responsibilities often fall exclusively on women. Further, gender stereotypes compounded and intersecting with other stereotypes have a disproportionate negative impact on certain groups of women, such as women from minority or indigenous groups, women with disabilities or with lower economic status, migrant women etc. (https://ohchr.org. Adaptado.)
The main purpose of the text is to
A)discuss the specific roles and responsibilities that men and women should ideally fulfill in society.
B)provide a detailed description of the historical development and evolution of gender stereotypes over time.
C)argue that women are inherently better caregivers than men due to their natural nurturing abilities.
D)explain the various benefits that gender stereotypes can bring to society.
E)highlight how gender stereotypes affect personal and professional development of individuals.
FAMEMA20241a faseQuestao 31InglêsInterpretação de textoMedia
France wants to put a lid on the tourist crowds that flood historic landmarks and natural treasures each year, though officials have said it would not be easy. Tourism Minister Olivia Gregoire unveiled a plan to regulate visitor flows at the most popular sites and lay out a strategy against overtourism. She said France, the world’s biggest tourist destination, particularly needed to better manage the peak-season influxes that threatened “the environment, the quality of life for locals, and the experiences for its visitors”. The issue is urgent for prime destinations worldwide as international travel surges after covid-19 lockdowns. Many of the most revered French sites, such as the Mont-Saint-Michel abbey in Normandy, say they are overwhelmed by the number of visitors. On the famed Channel beach of Etretat, which saw a tourism surge thanks to the plot of the Netflix detective series “Lupin”, the 1,200 residents see up to 10,000 tourists a day in the high season. “This massive influx ends up eroding the cliffs and endangers the beach cliffs,” co-head of the Etretat Tomorrow residents’ association Shai Mallet said. She also laments the lack of local economic benefits, with visitors staying just a few hours, maybe grabbing an ice cream but not constantly frequenting restaurants or hotels. The government’s announcement comes as Paris, which is dealing with a housing shortage in part because homeowners prefer short-term rentals to tourists, said last week it expects 37 million tourists this year, just short of the pre-pandemic level of 38.5 million in 2019. Limits are already being set, with officials limiting day visits to the gorgeous Brittany island of Brehat at 4,700 during the peak summer months. (www.euronews.com, 20.06.2023. Adaptado.)
The main purpose of the text is to
A)inform that there are hidden alternatives to France’s overtouristed spots.
B)highlight the tourism minister’s actions to promote tourism in France.
C)help people understand why France is the world’s biggest tourist destination.
D)show that France wants to fight overtourism at its most popular attractions.
E)explain the impact of covid-19 on tourism businesses in France.
FAMEMA20241a faseQuestao 35InglêsInterpretação de textoMedia
Read the comic strip by Jim Davis.
(www.gocomics.com) The sentence in the third panel expresses the idea of
Imagens anexadas
A)a probable alternative.
B)a reasonable cause.
C)a proportionate increase.
D)an unlikely possibility.
E)a specific purpose.
FAMEMA20221a faseQuestao 31InglêsInterpretação de textoMedia
How Physicians Can Prepare for the Future of Health Care Ted A. James, MD, MHCM May 14, 2021
"Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future." — John F. Kennedy
Why is it important for physicians to think about the future of medicine? In almost any endeavor, keeping ahead of the curve is rewarded, while missing the boat is met with peril. In the same way, having foresight into the future of health care can mean the difference between success and failure for physicians and their practices.
Physicians must plan for the future of medicine. We live in a period of tremendous upheaval, and things are unlikely to return to normal anytime soon. The only constant is change, and the ability of physicians to prepare for a changing future has farreaching implications for patients and health care organizations.
Newcomers are currently attempting to shift the clinical landscape to better meet patient care needs. These 'disruptive innovations' may displace those who are unable to adapt to the new trends. The same scenario has repeatedly played out in other markets, with conventional businesses left in the dust as innovators soar to new heights. Therefore, physicians should not only be prepared for the future of medicine, but we should also play a vital role in leading the change. […] Accelerated Digital Health The pandemic has accelerated the implementation of health care technologies and capabilities, which will radically alter the patient experience and clinical outcomes, paving the way for value-based disruption. The future offers hospital-level care provided to a patient's home at a lower cost and better outcomes using established technology such as remote monitoring. Similarly, AI will advance diagnostic capabilities and clinical decision support at a rapid pace. AI may also aid data mining, resulting in breakthroughs in precision medicine and predictive risk stratification. AI-powered technologies, such as health care chatbots, can allow greater access and timeliness of treatment. Although it is unlikely that digital technology will completely replace doctors anytime soon, physicians and practices who use these technologies may soon replace those who do not. […]
Developing a Disruptive Mindset We must also be prepared to challenge our existing paradigms. Positive disruptive thinking is needed to avoid becoming obsolete. Developing a disruptive mindset requires adopting a positive view of change, never settling for the status quo and a willingness to take a start-up approach to transform health care. It is more than incremental iteration; it is a transformational shift. For example, the progression from records to tapes to CDs represented conventional innovation, while the advent of digital streaming music brought about a disruptive innovation in the music industry.
It is also important to employ 'Design Thinking,' where the patient's experience is considered when developing new health delivery strategies. Redesigning care from the patient's perspective, with their direct input, and incorporating technology to improve patient access and convenience can aid in the implementation of effective patient care solutions.
Why go back to normal when we can redesign a better future? I encourage physicians to take the first step in leading the transformation process. Commit to making things better by finding something to improve. Physicians have the power to restructure the health care system, and using the power to shape the future is the best way to prepare for it. Adapted from: https://postgraduateeducation.hms.harvard.edu/trendsmedicine/how-physicians-can-prepare-future-health-care
Based on the information provided by the text, mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F). ( ) Success in the profession mentioned depends on the possibility of being aware of forthcoming events. ( ) Physicians should wait for the changes to occur before they make any decisions. ( ) Patients and health care organizations will hardly be affected by physicians’ foresight. The statements are, respectively:
A)F – F – T
B)T – F – F
C)T – F – T
D)F – T – F
E)F – T – T
FAMEMA20221a faseQuestao 32InglêsInterpretação de textoMedia
How Physicians Can Prepare for the Future of Health Care Ted A. James, MD, MHCM May 14, 2021
"Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future." — John F. Kennedy
Why is it important for physicians to think about the future of medicine? In almost any endeavor, keeping ahead of the curve is rewarded, while missing the boat is met with peril. In the same way, having foresight into the future of health care can mean the difference between success and failure for physicians and their practices.
Physicians must plan for the future of medicine. We live in a period of tremendous upheaval, and things are unlikely to return to normal anytime soon. The only constant is change, and the ability of physicians to prepare for a changing future has farreaching implications for patients and health care organizations.
Newcomers are currently attempting to shift the clinical landscape to better meet patient care needs. These 'disruptive innovations' may displace those who are unable to adapt to the new trends. The same scenario has repeatedly played out in other markets, with conventional businesses left in the dust as innovators soar to new heights. Therefore, physicians should not only be prepared for the future of medicine, but we should also play a vital role in leading the change. […] Accelerated Digital Health The pandemic has accelerated the implementation of health care technologies and capabilities, which will radically alter the patient experience and clinical outcomes, paving the way for value-based disruption. The future offers hospital-level care provided to a patient's home at a lower cost and better outcomes using established technology such as remote monitoring. Similarly, AI will advance diagnostic capabilities and clinical decision support at a rapid pace. AI may also aid data mining, resulting in breakthroughs in precision medicine and predictive risk stratification. AI-powered technologies, such as health care chatbots, can allow greater access and timeliness of treatment. Although it is unlikely that digital technology will completely replace doctors anytime soon, physicians and practices who use these technologies may soon replace those who do not. […]
Developing a Disruptive Mindset We must also be prepared to challenge our existing paradigms. Positive disruptive thinking is needed to avoid becoming obsolete. Developing a disruptive mindset requires adopting a positive view of change, never settling for the status quo and a willingness to take a start-up approach to transform health care. It is more than incremental iteration; it is a transformational shift. For example, the progression from records to tapes to CDs represented conventional innovation, while the advent of digital streaming music brought about a disruptive innovation in the music industry.
It is also important to employ 'Design Thinking,' where the patient's experience is considered when developing new health delivery strategies. Redesigning care from the patient's perspective, with their direct input, and incorporating technology to improve patient access and convenience can aid in the implementation of effective patient care solutions.
Why go back to normal when we can redesign a better future? I encourage physicians to take the first step in leading the transformation process. Commit to making things better by finding something to improve. Physicians have the power to restructure the health care system, and using the power to shape the future is the best way to prepare for it. Adapted from: https://postgraduateeducation.hms.harvard.edu/trendsmedicine/how-physicians-can-prepare-future-health-care
Regarding Artificial Intelligence (AI), the author believes
A)doctors’ role will be made altogether redundant in the near future.
B)data mining may increase the risk of inaccurate diagnoses and treatment.
C)physicians will need to be conversant with digital technologies.
D)remote monitoring is more efficiently used in hospitals than in patients’ homes.
E)checking inpatient visitation and safety rules electronically is a healthy practice.
FAMEMA20221a faseQuestao 33InglêsInterpretação de textoMedia
How Physicians Can Prepare for the Future of Health Care Ted A. James, MD, MHCM May 14, 2021
"Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future." — John F. Kennedy
Why is it important for physicians to think about the future of medicine? In almost any endeavor, keeping ahead of the curve is rewarded, while missing the boat is met with peril. In the same way, having foresight into the future of health care can mean the difference between success and failure for physicians and their practices.
Physicians must plan for the future of medicine. We live in a period of tremendous upheaval, and things are unlikely to return to normal anytime soon. The only constant is change, and the ability of physicians to prepare for a changing future has farreaching implications for patients and health care organizations.
Newcomers are currently attempting to shift the clinical landscape to better meet patient care needs. These 'disruptive innovations' may displace those who are unable to adapt to the new trends. The same scenario has repeatedly played out in other markets, with conventional businesses left in the dust as innovators soar to new heights. Therefore, physicians should not only be prepared for the future of medicine, but we should also play a vital role in leading the change. […] Accelerated Digital Health The pandemic has accelerated the implementation of health care technologies and capabilities, which will radically alter the patient experience and clinical outcomes, paving the way for value-based disruption. The future offers hospital-level care provided to a patient's home at a lower cost and better outcomes using established technology such as remote monitoring. Similarly, AI will advance diagnostic capabilities and clinical decision support at a rapid pace. AI may also aid data mining, resulting in breakthroughs in precision medicine and predictive risk stratification. AI-powered technologies, such as health care chatbots, can allow greater access and timeliness of treatment. Although it is unlikely that digital technology will completely replace doctors anytime soon, physicians and practices who use these technologies may soon replace those who do not. […]
Developing a Disruptive Mindset We must also be prepared to challenge our existing paradigms. Positive disruptive thinking is needed to avoid becoming obsolete. Developing a disruptive mindset requires adopting a positive view of change, never settling for the status quo and a willingness to take a start-up approach to transform health care. It is more than incremental iteration; it is a transformational shift. For example, the progression from records to tapes to CDs represented conventional innovation, while the advent of digital streaming music brought about a disruptive innovation in the music industry.
It is also important to employ 'Design Thinking,' where the patient's experience is considered when developing new health delivery strategies. Redesigning care from the patient's perspective, with their direct input, and incorporating technology to improve patient access and convenience can aid in the implementation of effective patient care solutions.
Why go back to normal when we can redesign a better future? I encourage physicians to take the first step in leading the transformation process. Commit to making things better by finding something to improve. Physicians have the power to restructure the health care system, and using the power to shape the future is the best way to prepare for it. Adapted from: https://postgraduateeducation.hms.harvard.edu/trendsmedicine/how-physicians-can-prepare-future-health-care
According to the text, in order to adopt a disruptive mind one must
A)support severe methods.
B)avoid innovative projects.
C)resist change in treatment.
D)question current practices.
E)get rid of official regulations.
FAMEMA20211a faseQuestao 31InglêsInterpretação de textoFacil
The idea of comfort food sounds great in theory, but many of society’s favourite feel-good foods lack ideal nutrients. This leaves eaters feeling cranky, not comforted. “Some of the main dietary contributors to low or bad mood are too much sugar and too many starchy and refined carbohydrates,” British nutritional therapist Claudia Smith told Huffington Post. “If you eat too much of these foods, you can end up with blood sugar spikes and crashes, which can lead to symptoms such as low mood, irritability, brain fog, anxiety, fatigue and difficulty concentrating.” Common comfort foods such as cookies or french fries activate reward triggers in our brains, Smith said. They give us something to look forward to or get excited about. Psychologist and well-being consultant Lee Chambers told Huffington Post that comfort foods do provide a hit of pleasureinducing dopamine, but that pleasure is fleeting. “Emotional eating is a cyclical process where low mood leads to eating foods likely to spike your blood sugar, giving us a dose of dopamine, but then it drops at the same time as we start to feel guilty,” Chambers told Huffington Post. “This combination often makes us feel a lack of satisfaction, with feelings of guilt, shame and regret.” Even worse? Comfort foods often lead to overeating. “Over time, high consumption of highly palatable foods may actually lead to a reduced sensitivity of this brain-reward response,” Smith said. “You may find yourself needing to eat more and more to experience the same effect.” (Stephanie Vermillion. www.huffingtonpost.co.uk, 30.05.2020. Adaptado.)
The text is mainly about foods that
A)make you feel full.
B)damage your brain.
C)wreck your mood.
D)increase your productivity.
E)beat the bad mood.
FAMEMA20211a faseQuestao 32InglêsInterpretação de textoMedia
The idea of comfort food sounds great in theory, but many of society’s favourite feel-good foods lack ideal nutrients. This leaves eaters feeling cranky, not comforted. “Some of the main dietary contributors to low or bad mood are too much sugar and too many starchy and refined carbohydrates,” British nutritional therapist Claudia Smith told Huffington Post. “If you eat too much of these foods, you can end up with blood sugar spikes and crashes, which can lead to symptoms such as low mood, irritability, brain fog, anxiety, fatigue and difficulty concentrating.” Common comfort foods such as cookies or french fries activate reward triggers in our brains, Smith said. They give us something to look forward to or get excited about. Psychologist and well-being consultant Lee Chambers told Huffington Post that comfort foods do provide a hit of pleasureinducing dopamine, but that pleasure is fleeting. “Emotional eating is a cyclical process where low mood leads to eating foods likely to spike your blood sugar, giving us a dose of dopamine, but then it drops at the same time as we start to feel guilty,” Chambers told Huffington Post. “This combination often makes us feel a lack of satisfaction, with feelings of guilt, shame and regret.” Even worse? Comfort foods often lead to overeating. “Over time, high consumption of highly palatable foods may actually lead to a reduced sensitivity of this brain-reward response,” Smith said. “You may find yourself needing to eat more and more to experience the same effect.” (Stephanie Vermillion. www.huffingtonpost.co.uk, 30.05.2020. Adaptado.)
According to the text, comfort foods provide a hit of pleasure but that’s often followed by
A)a dose of dopamine.
B)some reward triggers in our brains.
C)a sense of fullness.
D)a consumption of highly palatable foods.
E)some negative feelings.
FAMEMA20211a faseQuestao 35InglêsInterpretação de textoFacil
(www.wehatetowaste.com) A imagem faz parte de uma campanha sobre
Imagens anexadas
A)o impacto do consumo excessivo de calorias na saúde.
B)a arrecadação de alimentos entre americanos.
C)a importância de uma alimentação saudável.
D)o desperdício de alimentos.
E)o consumo de alimentos orgânicos.
FAMEMA20201a faseQuestao 31InglêsInterpretação de textoFacil
An increasing body of evidence suggests that the time we spend on our smartphones is interfering with our sleep, self-esteem, relationships, memory, attention spans, creativity, productivity and problem-solving and decision-making skills. But there is another reason for us to rethink our relationships with our devices. By chronically raising levels of cortisol, the body’s main stress hormone, our phones may be threatening our health and shortening our lives. If they happened only occasionally, phone-induced cortisol spikes might not matter. But the average American spends four hours a day staring at their smartphone and keeps it within arm’s reach nearly all the time, according to a tracking app called Moment. “Your cortisol levels are elevated when your phone is in sight or nearby, or when you hear it or even think you hear it,” says David Greenfield, professor of clinical psychiatry at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine and founder of the Center for Internet and Technology Addiction. “It’s a stress response, and it feels unpleasant, and the body’s natural response is to want to check the phone to make the stress go away.” But while doing so might soothe you for a second, it probably will make things worse in the long run. Any time you check your phone, you’re likely to find something else stressful waiting for you, leading to another spike in cortisol and another craving to check your phone to make your anxiety go away. This cycle, when continuously reinforced, leads to chronically elevated cortisol levels. And chronically elevated cortisol levels have been tied to an increased risk of serious health problems, including depression, obesity, metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, fertility issues, high blood pressure, heart attack, dementia and stroke. (Catherine Price. www.nytimes.com, 24.04.2019. Adaptado.)
According to the text, smartphones may
A)diminish stress-related hormone cortisol.
B)release anti-anxiety hormones.
C)induce creativity and decision-making skills.
D)be hazardous to our long-term health.
E)improve human life in the long run.
FAMEMA20191a faseQuestao 31InglêsInterpretação de textoFacil
Fake news can distort people’s beliefs even after being debunked. A study recently published in the journal Intelligence suggests that some people may have an especially difficult time rejecting misinformation. Asked to rate a fictitious person on a range of character traits, people who scored low on a test of cognitive ability continued to be influenced by damaging information about the person even after they were explicitly told the information was false. The study is significant because it identifies what may be a major risk factor for vulnerability to fake news. One possible explanation for this finding is based on the theory that a person’s cognitive ability reflects how well they can regulate the contents of working memory – their “mental workspace” for processing information. First proposed by the cognitive psychologists Lynn Hasher and Rose Zacks, this theory holds that some people are more prone to “mental clutter” than other people. In other words, some people are less able to discard (or “inhibit”) information from their working memory that is no longer relevant to the task at hand, or information that has been discredited. Research on cognitive aging indicates that, in adulthood, this ability declines considerably with advancing age, suggesting that older adults may also be especially vulnerable to fake news. Another reason why cognitive ability may predict vulnerability to fake news is that it correlates highly with education. Through education, people may develop meta-cognitive skills – strategies for monitoring and regulating one’s own thinking – that can be used to combat the effects of misinformation. (www.scientificamerican.com, 06.02.2018. Adaptado.)
O tema central do texto é
A)a associação entre memória operacional e envelhecimento.
B)a identificação de notícias falsas por camadas menos favorecidas da sociedade.
C)o papel da educação no combate à difusão de notícias falsas.
D)o processamento e a regulação de informação na memória operacional.
E)a relação entre capacidade cognitiva e vulnerabilidade a notícias falsas.
FAMEMA20191a faseQuestao 33InglêsInterpretação de textoFacil
Fake news can distort people’s beliefs even after being debunked. A study recently published in the journal Intelligence suggests that some people may have an especially difficult time rejecting misinformation. Asked to rate a fictitious person on a range of character traits, people who scored low on a test of cognitive ability continued to be influenced by damaging information about the person even after they were explicitly told the information was false. The study is significant because it identifies what may be a major risk factor for vulnerability to fake news. One possible explanation for this finding is based on the theory that a person’s cognitive ability reflects how well they can regulate the contents of working memory – their “mental workspace” for processing information. First proposed by the cognitive psychologists Lynn Hasher and Rose Zacks, this theory holds that some people are more prone to “mental clutter” than other people. In other words, some people are less able to discard (or “inhibit”) information from their working memory that is no longer relevant to the task at hand, or information that has been discredited. Research on cognitive aging indicates that, in adulthood, this ability declines considerably with advancing age, suggesting that older adults may also be especially vulnerable to fake news. Another reason why cognitive ability may predict vulnerability to fake news is that it correlates highly with education. Through education, people may develop meta-cognitive skills – strategies for monitoring and regulating one’s own thinking – that can be used to combat the effects of misinformation. (www.scientificamerican.com, 06.02.2018. Adaptado.)
(www.glasbergen.com) A partir da associação entre o texto e o cartum, depreende-se que a expressão “mental clutter”, empregada no segundo parágrafo do texto, significa
Imagens anexadas
A)acúmulo mental de informações irrelevantes de modo desorganizado.
B)justaposição de diferentes elementos no espaço de trabalho.
C)habilidade com trabalhos criativos em espaços caóticos.
D)acúmulo de elementos diversos para trabalhos manuais.
E)descarte mental de informações irrelevantes de forma randômica.
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