Uma amostra das questões. Crie uma conta para resolver todas com correção e comentário.
FUVEST20261a faseQuestao 25InglêsCompreensão de textoMediaConsidere o texto a seguir:
Ice flows across Antarctica and continues to do so as it reaches the edge of the land mass and extends over the ocean. The huge floating tongues of ice often remain attached to the continent. Anything that remains grounded on the land is part of the Antarctic ice sheet; the floating part is an ice shelf. Floating ice shelves surround three-quarters of Antarctica’s coast and make up about 11% of its total area. One of the largest, the Ross Ice Shelf, is roughly the size of France. The George VI Ice Shelf is shown in the image, taken by NASA’s Landsat 8 in January 2020. It may seem intuitive that all the ice added to the ocean from melting ice shelves would raise global sea level, but that’s not the case. By Archimedes’s principle, ice shelves floating on the water have already displaced their own weight, so their disintegration or melting won’t change the water level. Ice shelves do, however, regulate the speed of glaciers on Antarctica’s land. Ice shelves act to hold glaciers back. Take the shelf away, and the glaciers are free to speed up and flow into the ocean. Any ice and liquid water that the glaciers take with them will raise sea level. Of Earth’s fresh water, 70% is stored in Antarctica’s ice; that is the equivalent of about 58 meters of sea-level rise if all of it were to melt.
Buzzard, S. “The surface hydrology of Antarctica’s floating ice”. Physics Today 75, 28-33 (2022). Adaptado.
Segundo o texto, é correto afirmar:
- A)A área da superfície de gelo já derretido é aproximadamente do tamanho da França.
- B)O princípio de Arquimedes afirma que as plataformas de gelo possuem uma força de empuxo muito menor que seu peso e, portanto, flutuam.
- C)Plataformas de gelo são importantes porque atuam para regular a velocidade das geleiras na Antártida.
- D)Plataformas de gelo flutuantes são relevantes porque representam três quartos da área total da Antártida.
- E)O princípio de Arquimedes não se aplica no caso do derretimento do gelo flutuando na costa antártica.
FUVEST20261a faseQuestao 26InglêsCompreensão de textoMediaOur planet is home to subterranean lava deposits and smatterings of obsidian—black volcanic glass. Scalding groundwater bubbles to the surface in places. In such a landscape, you remember that the planet’s hard exterior is so thin that we call it a crust. Its superheated interior burns with an estimated forty-four trillion watts of power. Heat mined from underground is called geothermal and can be used to produce steam, spin a turbine, and generate electricity. Until recently, humans have tended to harvest small quantities in the rare places where it surfaces, such as hot springs. The biggest drawback is drilling miles through hot rock, safely. If scientists can do that, next-generation geothermal power could supply clean energy for eons. Right now, geothermal energy meets a puny portion of humanity’s electricity and heating needs. Fossil fuels power about eighty per cent of human activity, pumping out carbon dioxide and short-circuiting our climate to catastrophic effect. Converts argue that geothermal checks three key boxes: it is carbon-free, available everywhere, and effectively unlimited. It is also baseload, which means that, unlike solar panels or wind, it provides a steady flow of energy. “Over the last two years, I have watched this exponential spinup of activity in geothermal,” a drilling expert said. But there is a risk of moon shots: often, they miss. “There’s basically zero chance that you’re going to develop a moon-shot technology and have it be commercial in five years, on a large-scale”, said Mark Jacobson, an engineering professor. That’s how long humanity has to lower emissions before climatic devastation. “There’s a very decent chance you can do that with wind and solar,” he said. Perhaps, when resources and time are finite, trying and failing could be worse than not trying at all.
New Yorker. March 2025. Adaptado. De acordo com o texto, atualmente a exploração do calor gerado nas regiões subterrâneas do planeta
- A)atende a uma parcela insignificante da demanda energética da sociedade.
- B)pode ser utilizada através de um aparato tecnológico de baixo custo.
- C)oferece vantagens ambientais limitadas em relação a outras fontes de energia renováveis.
- D)utiliza métodos desenvolvidos nas pesquisas científicas sobre a superfície lunar.
- E)proporciona utilidade prática restrita do ponto de vista da produção industrial.
FUVEST20261a faseQuestao 58InglêsCompreensão de textoMediaLeia o texto a seguir para responder às questões 58 e 59.
Nearly a century ago, Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe is getting larger. Modern measurements of how fast it is expanding disagree, however, suggesting that our understanding of the laws of physics might be off. Everyone expected the sharp vision of the James Webb Space Telescope to bring the answer into focus. But a long-awaited analysis of the telescope’s observations released late Monday evening once again gleans conflicting expansion rates from different types of data, while homing in on possible sources of error at the heart of the conflict. Two rival teams have led the effort to measure the cosmic expansion rate, which is known as the Hubble constant, or H0. One of these teams, led by Adam Riess of Johns Hopkins University, has consistently measured H0 to be about 8 percent higher than the theoretical prediction for how fast space should be expanding, based on the cosmos’s known ingredients and governing equations. This discrepancy, known as the Hubble tension, suggests that the theoretical model of the cosmos might be missing something—some extra ingredient or effect that speeds up cosmic expansion. Riess and his team released their latest measurement of H0 based on Webb data this spring, getting a value that agrees with their earlier estimates. But for years a rival team led by Wendy Freedman of the University of Chicago has urged caution, arguing that cleaner measurements were needed. Her team’s own measurements of H0 have invariably landed closer than Riess’ to the theoretical prediction, implying that the Hubble tension may not be real. Since the Webb telescope started taking data in 2022, the astrophysics community has awaited Freedman’s multipronged analysis using the telescope’s observations of three types of stars. Now, the results are in: Two types of stars yield H0 estimates that align with the theoretical prediction, while the third—the same type of star Riess uses—matches his team’s higher H0 value.
Disponível em https://wired.com/. 08 Sep 2024. Adaptado.
Com base no texto, a principal expectativa em relação ao telescópio James Webb estava associada a
- A)esclarecer as divergências nas medições da constante de Hubble por meio de observações mais precisas.
- B)substituir os métodos tradicionais por novas equações que descrevem a expansão do universo.
- C)comprovar a superioridade das estimativas obtidas pela equipe de Freedman.
- D)medir a distância entre galáxias utilizando parâmetros inéditos.
- E)determinar se o universo tem como característica crescer de modo infinito.
FUVEST20261a faseQuestao 59InglêsCompreensão de textoDificilLeia o texto a seguir para responder às questões 58 e 59.
Nearly a century ago, Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe is getting larger. Modern measurements of how fast it is expanding disagree, however, suggesting that our understanding of the laws of physics might be off. Everyone expected the sharp vision of the James Webb Space Telescope to bring the answer into focus. But a long-awaited analysis of the telescope’s observations released late Monday evening once again gleans conflicting expansion rates from different types of data, while homing in on possible sources of error at the heart of the conflict. Two rival teams have led the effort to measure the cosmic expansion rate, which is known as the Hubble constant, or H0. One of these teams, led by Adam Riess of Johns Hopkins University, has consistently measured H0 to be about 8 percent higher than the theoretical prediction for how fast space should be expanding, based on the cosmos’s known ingredients and governing equations. This discrepancy, known as the Hubble tension, suggests that the theoretical model of the cosmos might be missing something—some extra ingredient or effect that speeds up cosmic expansion. Riess and his team released their latest measurement of H0 based on Webb data this spring, getting a value that agrees with their earlier estimates. But for years a rival team led by Wendy Freedman of the University of Chicago has urged caution, arguing that cleaner measurements were needed. Her team’s own measurements of H0 have invariably landed closer than Riess’ to the theoretical prediction, implying that the Hubble tension may not be real. Since the Webb telescope started taking data in 2022, the astrophysics community has awaited Freedman’s multipronged analysis using the telescope’s observations of three types of stars. Now, the results are in: Two types of stars yield H0 estimates that align with the theoretical prediction, while the third—the same type of star Riess uses—matches his team’s higher H0 value.
Disponível em https://wired.com/. 08 Sep 2024. Adaptado.
De acordo com o texto, a abordagem metodológica da equipe de Adam Riess
- A)mantém as previsões do modelo consolidado pela ciência.
- B)utiliza número limitado de simulações de computador para estimar a constante de Hubble.
- C)obtém dados observacionais para confrontar previsões teóricas.
- D)faz uso exclusivo de dados do Telescópio Espacial James Webb.
- E)rejeita equações conhecidas e proposição de novas leis físicas.
FUVEST20261a faseQuestao 66InglêsCompreensão de textoMediaLeia o texto a seguir para responder às questões 66 e 67.
Researchers investigated the quantities of thousands of muscle proteins and found a possible new explanation for muscle memory. A study showed for the first time that muscles "remember" training at the protein level. It is often thought that the effects of exercise are short-lived, and a break from the gym can cause stress over muscle loss. However, the research has shown that this stress is partly unnecessary, as the effects of resistance training persist in muscles for up to two months and the gains are fast when training is started again. But what mechanisms and changes at the cellular and molecular levels explain muscle memory? In the study, ten weeks of resistance training was followed by a break of the same length and then followed by another ten weeks of resistance training. Using the proteomics method, it was possible to study the quantities of over 3,000 muscle proteins using advanced mass spectrometry equipment. The study found two types of change profiles in muscle proteins. Some proteins changed as a result of training, returned to their pre-training state during the break, and changed again during the new training period similarly to the first training period. These included proteins related to aerobic metabolism. Another group of proteins changed as a result of training and remained changed during the break and after the new training period. Among these proteins were several calcium-binding proteins, such as calpain-2, whose gene has recently been identified to retain a memory trace even after a training break. "At the level of the number of muscle nuclei and the memory traces of genes, that is, epigenetics, long-term responses that persist even after a break and possibly explain 'muscle memory' have previously been observed," says a researcher. "Now, for the first time, we have shown that muscles 'remember' previous resistance training at the protein level for at least two and a half months."
Disponível em https://jyu.fi/en/news/. 14 April 2025. Adaptado.
Segundo o texto, os experimentos demonstram que
- A)a prática de esportes ativa genes através da mudança do código genético.
- B)as quantidades de proteínas musculares apresentam mudanças após a atividade física.
- C)a epigenética refuta a hipótese da ação da memória muscular após treinos leves.
- D)as proteínas relacionadas ao metabolismo aeróbico ativam mudanças irreversíveis.
- E)os métodos da proteômica dificultam a caracterização das proteínas e suas interações.
FUVEST20261a faseQuestao 68InglêsCompreensão de textoMediaLeia o texto a seguir para responder às questões 68 a 70.
Think for a minute about the little bumps on your tongue. You probably saw a diagram of those taste bud arrangements once in a biology textbook — sweet sensors at the tip, salty on either side, sour behind them, bitter in the back. But the idea that specific tastes are confined to certain areas of the tongue is a myth that “persists in the collective consciousness, despite decades of research debunking it”, according to a review published this month in The New England Journal of Medicine. Also wrong: the notion that taste is limited to the mouth. The old diagram, which has been used in many textbooks over the years, originated in a study published by David Hanig, a German scientist, in 1901. But the scientist was not suggesting that various tastes are segregated on the tongue. He was actually measuring the sensitivity of different areas, said Paul Breslin, a researcher at Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia. “What he found was that you could detect things at a lower concentration in one part relative to another,” Dr. Breslin said. The tip of the tongue, for example, is dense with sweet sensors but contains the others as well. The map’s mistakes are easy to confirm. If you place a lemon wedge at the tip of your tongue, it will taste sour, and if you put a bit of honey toward the side, it will be sweet. The perception of taste is a remarkably complex process, starting from that first encounter with the tongue. Taste cells have a variety of sensors that signal the brain when they encounter nutrients or toxins. For some tastes, tiny pores in cell membranes let taste chemicals in. Such taste receptors aren’t limited to the tongue; they are also found in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, fat cells, brain, muscle cells, thyroid and lungs. We don’t generally think of these organs as tasting anything, but they use the receptors to pick up the presence of various molecules and metabolize them, said Diego Bohórquez, a self-described gut-brain neuroscientist at Duke University. For example, when the gut notices sugar in food, it tells the brain to alert other organs to get ready for digestion.
New York Times. May 29, 2024. Adaptado.
Sobre os receptores gustativos e sua distribuição corporal, o texto sugere que
- A)certas áreas da língua identificam gostos específicos, como doce na ponta e azedo no fundo.
- B)o comportamento alimentar é moldado por padrões fixados na infância.
- C)a percepção gustativa reforça o prazer estético associado aos hábitos nutricionais.
- D)a detecção de sabores envolve rede integrada de órgãos que colaboram com o sistema nervoso.
- E)a função dos sensores extraorais restringe-se à regulação da glicemia.
FUVEST20261a faseQuestao 69InglêsCompreensão de textoDificilLeia o texto a seguir para responder às questões 68 a 70.
Think for a minute about the little bumps on your tongue. You probably saw a diagram of those taste bud arrangements once in a biology textbook — sweet sensors at the tip, salty on either side, sour behind them, bitter in the back. But the idea that specific tastes are confined to certain areas of the tongue is a myth that “persists in the collective consciousness, despite decades of research debunking it”, according to a review published this month in The New England Journal of Medicine. Also wrong: the notion that taste is limited to the mouth. The old diagram, which has been used in many textbooks over the years, originated in a study published by David Hanig, a German scientist, in 1901. But the scientist was not suggesting that various tastes are segregated on the tongue. He was actually measuring the sensitivity of different areas, said Paul Breslin, a researcher at Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia. “What he found was that you could detect things at a lower concentration in one part relative to another,” Dr. Breslin said. The tip of the tongue, for example, is dense with sweet sensors but contains the others as well. The map’s mistakes are easy to confirm. If you place a lemon wedge at the tip of your tongue, it will taste sour, and if you put a bit of honey toward the side, it will be sweet. The perception of taste is a remarkably complex process, starting from that first encounter with the tongue. Taste cells have a variety of sensors that signal the brain when they encounter nutrients or toxins. For some tastes, tiny pores in cell membranes let taste chemicals in. Such taste receptors aren’t limited to the tongue; they are also found in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, fat cells, brain, muscle cells, thyroid and lungs. We don’t generally think of these organs as tasting anything, but they use the receptors to pick up the presence of various molecules and metabolize them, said Diego Bohórquez, a self-described gut-brain neuroscientist at Duke University. For example, when the gut notices sugar in food, it tells the brain to alert other organs to get ready for digestion.
New York Times. May 29, 2024. Adaptado.
O texto informa que, de acordo com Paul Breslin, a interpretação do estudo de Hanig foi equivocada, porque
- A)a representação gráfica dos resultados foi elaborada décadas depois sem base científica.
- B)o autor original investigou limiares de sensibilidade, sem defender a exclusividade de sabores em regiões da língua.
- C)o foco da pesquisa foi o comportamento alimentar em diferentes culturas.
- D)o objetivo central concentrou-se na classificação bioquímica dos receptores gustativos.
- E)a análise dos dados priorizou a resposta cerebral em vez de aspectos periféricos.
FUVEST20251a faseQuestao 15InglêsReading comprehension (atribuição de fala)Media“justice, each getting what he or she is due. Formal justice is the impartial and consistent application of principles, whether or not the principles themselves are just. Substantive justice is closely associated with rights, i.e., with what individuals can legitimately demand of one another or what they can legitimately demand of their government (e.g., with respect to the protection of liberty or the promotion of equality). Retributive justice concerns when and why punishment is justified. Debate continues over whether punishment is justified as retribution for past wrongdoing or because it deters future wrongdoing. Those who stress retribution as the justification for punishment usually believe human beings have libertarian free will, while those who stress deterrence usually accept determinism. At least since Aristotle, justice has commonly been identified both with obeying law and with treating everyone with fairness. But if law is, and justice is not, entirely a matter of convention, then justice cannot be identified with obeying law.”
The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. General Editor Robert Audi, Cambridge, U.K.: C.U.P., 1999. p.456.
Conforme o verbete, a justiça substantiva pode ser definida como a
- A)aplicação imparcial e consistente de princípios éticos e morais.
- B)promoção de punições rigorosas para qualquer tipo de crime.
- C)distribuição de recursos econômicos de maneira equitativa, com ênfase no coletivo.
- D)garantia de que todos recebam o que lhes é devido, contemplando direitos individuais.
- E)proteção exclusiva dos direitos das minorias, aumentando sua visibilidade social.
FUVEST20251a faseQuestao 27InglêsReading comprehension (atribuição de fala)MediaClimate change is messing with time
“The melting of polar ice due to global warming is affecting Earth’s rotation and could impact on precision timekeeping, according to a recent study. The planet is not about to jerk to a halt, nor speed up so rapidly that everyone gets flung into space. But timekeeping is an exact science in a highly technological society, which is why global authorities more than half a century ago felt compelled by the slight changes in Earth’s rotation to invent the concept of the ‘leap second’. Climate change makes these calculations even more complicated: Soon it may be necessary to insert a ‘negative leap second’ into the calendar to get the planet’s rotation in sync with Coordinated Universal Time. Timekeeping is based on an astronomical basis. Earth is a type of a clock. In simpler times, the planet would spin one full revolution on its axis, and everyone would call it a day. But Earth doesn’t spin at a perfectly constant speed. Our planet is in a complicated gravitational dance with the moon, the sun, the oceanic tides, Earth’s own atmosphere and the motion of the planet’s solid inner core. The planet’s fluctuating spin rate is carefully tracked by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service. In the early 1970s, Earth was clearly slowing down in its rotation, and a gap was forming between atomic time and astronomical time. Thus, was born the ‘leap second’ to adjust for the fact that the ‘day’ was getting a bit longer. The melting of the ice caps in Antarctica and Greenland shifts mass — meltwater — toward the equator. That process increases the equatorial bulge of the planet. Meanwhile, at the poles, the land that had been pressed down by ice rises, and Earth becomes more spherical. According to the study, although the core is causing the planet to spin faster, the planetary shape changes caused by a warming climate are slowing that process. Absent this effect, the overall acceleration of the planet’s rotation might require timekeepers to insert a ‘negative leap second’ at the end of 2026. Because of climate change, that might not be necessary until 2029.”
Disponível em https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2024/03/27/ (Adaptado).
Segundo o texto, o processo de derretimento das calotas polares
- A)põe em dúvida a necessidade do conceito de segundo bissexto.
- B)desloca o fluxo de água para regiões afastadas da linha do Equador.
- C)deve antecipar em três anos o ajuste dos relógios atômicos.
- D)ultrapassa o alcance do sistema do Tempo Universal Coordenado.
- E)tende a reduzir a velocidade de rotação da Terra.
FUVEST20251a faseQuestao 28InglêsReading comprehension (atribuição de fala)FacilClimate change is messing with time
“The melting of polar ice due to global warming is affecting Earth’s rotation and could impact on precision timekeeping, according to a recent study. The planet is not about to jerk to a halt, nor speed up so rapidly that everyone gets flung into space. But timekeeping is an exact science in a highly technological society, which is why global authorities more than half a century ago felt compelled by the slight changes in Earth’s rotation to invent the concept of the ‘leap second’. Climate change makes these calculations even more complicated: Soon it may be necessary to insert a ‘negative leap second’ into the calendar to get the planet’s rotation in sync with Coordinated Universal Time. Timekeeping is based on an astronomical basis. Earth is a type of a clock. In simpler times, the planet would spin one full revolution on its axis, and everyone would call it a day. But Earth doesn’t spin at a perfectly constant speed. Our planet is in a complicated gravitational dance with the moon, the sun, the oceanic tides, Earth’s own atmosphere and the motion of the planet’s solid inner core. The planet’s fluctuating spin rate is carefully tracked by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service. In the early 1970s, Earth was clearly slowing down in its rotation, and a gap was forming between atomic time and astronomical time. Thus, was born the ‘leap second’ to adjust for the fact that the ‘day’ was getting a bit longer. The melting of the ice caps in Antarctica and Greenland shifts mass — meltwater — toward the equator. That process increases the equatorial bulge of the planet. Meanwhile, at the poles, the land that had been pressed down by ice rises, and Earth becomes more spherical. According to the study, although the core is causing the planet to spin faster, the planetary shape changes caused by a warming climate are slowing that process. Absent this effect, the overall acceleration of the planet’s rotation might require timekeepers to insert a ‘negative leap second’ at the end of 2026. Because of climate change, that might not be necessary until 2029.”
Disponível em https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2024/03/27/ (Adaptado).
Conforme o texto, os fenômenos naturais que desempenham papel significativo na complexa interação gravitacional que afeta a rotação da Terra são
- A)terremotos.
- B)vulcões.
- C)avalanches.
- D)marés dos oceanos.
- E)ciclones.
FUVEST20251a faseQuestao 41InglêsReading comprehension (atribuição de fala)Dificil“Quick, quick, tell me something awful Like you are a poet trapped inside the body of a finance guy Tell me all your secrets, all you'll ever be is My eternal consolation prize You see, I was a debutante in another life, but Now I seem to be scared to go outside If comfort is a construct, I don't believe in good luck Now that I know what's what I hate it here so I will go to secret gardens in my mind People need a key to get to, the only one is mine I read about it in a book when I was a precocious child No mid-sized city hopes and small-town fears I'm there most of the year 'cause I hate it here I hate it here My friends used to play a game where We would pick a decade We wished we could live in instead of this I'd say the 1830s but without all the racists And getting married off for the highest bid Everyone would look down 'cause it wasn't fun now Seems like it was never even fun back then Nostalgia is a mind's trick If I'd been there, I'd hate it It was freezing in the palace”
“I hate it here”, Taylor Swift, do álbum The Tortured Poets Department, 2024 (Adaptado).
Na letra da música, o verso “Like you are a poet trapped inside the body of a finance guy”
- A)enaltece a romantização e idealização de épocas passadas.
- B)destaca o papel de contextos externos no manejo de frustrações.
- C)expressa o sentimento de insatisfação ou inadequação em relação às expectativas sociais.
- D)critica a revelação de segredos e o rompimento de fronteiras pessoais.
- E)enfatiza a importância da sorte e de elementos culturais como mitos e rituais.
FUVEST20251a faseQuestao 42InglêsReading comprehension (atribuição de fala)Dificil“Quick, quick, tell me something awful Like you are a poet trapped inside the body of a finance guy Tell me all your secrets, all you'll ever be is My eternal consolation prize You see, I was a debutante in another life, but Now I seem to be scared to go outside If comfort is a construct, I don't believe in good luck Now that I know what's what I hate it here so I will go to secret gardens in my mind People need a key to get to, the only one is mine I read about it in a book when I was a precocious child No mid-sized city hopes and small-town fears I'm there most of the year 'cause I hate it here I hate it here My friends used to play a game where We would pick a decade We wished we could live in instead of this I'd say the 1830s but without all the racists And getting married off for the highest bid Everyone would look down 'cause it wasn't fun now Seems like it was never even fun back then Nostalgia is a mind's trick If I'd been there, I'd hate it It was freezing in the palace”
“I hate it here”, Taylor Swift, do álbum The Tortured Poets Department, 2024 (Adaptado).
No texto, a percepção de “conforto como construto” indica que o eu lírico vê o conforto como
- A)refúgio mental para apaziguar as pressões e o descontentamento da vida.
- B)concepção ligada às experiências infantis em mecanismos de enfrentamento.
- C)conceito pressuposto, dependente da realidade concreta das pessoas.
- D)dificuldade de ter autoafirmação, por conta de questões internas pendentes.
- E)algo criado pela sociedade, produzindo falsa sensação de segurança.