Uma amostra das questões. Crie uma conta para resolver todas com correção e comentário.
FUVEST20251a faseQuestao 15InglêsReading comprehension (atribuição de fala)Media“justice, each getting what he or she is due. Formal justice is the impartial and consistent application of principles, whether or not the principles themselves are just. Substantive justice is closely associated with rights, i.e., with what individuals can legitimately demand of one another or what they can legitimately demand of their government (e.g., with respect to the protection of liberty or the promotion of equality). Retributive justice concerns when and why punishment is justified. Debate continues over whether punishment is justified as retribution for past wrongdoing or because it deters future wrongdoing. Those who stress retribution as the justification for punishment usually believe human beings have libertarian free will, while those who stress deterrence usually accept determinism. At least since Aristotle, justice has commonly been identified both with obeying law and with treating everyone with fairness. But if law is, and justice is not, entirely a matter of convention, then justice cannot be identified with obeying law.”
The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. General Editor Robert Audi, Cambridge, U.K.: C.U.P., 1999. p.456.
Conforme o verbete, a justiça substantiva pode ser definida como a
- A)aplicação imparcial e consistente de princípios éticos e morais.
- B)promoção de punições rigorosas para qualquer tipo de crime.
- C)distribuição de recursos econômicos de maneira equitativa, com ênfase no coletivo.
- D)garantia de que todos recebam o que lhes é devido, contemplando direitos individuais.
- E)proteção exclusiva dos direitos das minorias, aumentando sua visibilidade social.
FUVEST20251a faseQuestao 27InglêsReading comprehension (atribuição de fala)MediaClimate change is messing with time
“The melting of polar ice due to global warming is affecting Earth’s rotation and could impact on precision timekeeping, according to a recent study. The planet is not about to jerk to a halt, nor speed up so rapidly that everyone gets flung into space. But timekeeping is an exact science in a highly technological society, which is why global authorities more than half a century ago felt compelled by the slight changes in Earth’s rotation to invent the concept of the ‘leap second’. Climate change makes these calculations even more complicated: Soon it may be necessary to insert a ‘negative leap second’ into the calendar to get the planet’s rotation in sync with Coordinated Universal Time. Timekeeping is based on an astronomical basis. Earth is a type of a clock. In simpler times, the planet would spin one full revolution on its axis, and everyone would call it a day. But Earth doesn’t spin at a perfectly constant speed. Our planet is in a complicated gravitational dance with the moon, the sun, the oceanic tides, Earth’s own atmosphere and the motion of the planet’s solid inner core. The planet’s fluctuating spin rate is carefully tracked by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service. In the early 1970s, Earth was clearly slowing down in its rotation, and a gap was forming between atomic time and astronomical time. Thus, was born the ‘leap second’ to adjust for the fact that the ‘day’ was getting a bit longer. The melting of the ice caps in Antarctica and Greenland shifts mass — meltwater — toward the equator. That process increases the equatorial bulge of the planet. Meanwhile, at the poles, the land that had been pressed down by ice rises, and Earth becomes more spherical. According to the study, although the core is causing the planet to spin faster, the planetary shape changes caused by a warming climate are slowing that process. Absent this effect, the overall acceleration of the planet’s rotation might require timekeepers to insert a ‘negative leap second’ at the end of 2026. Because of climate change, that might not be necessary until 2029.”
Disponível em https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2024/03/27/ (Adaptado).
Segundo o texto, o processo de derretimento das calotas polares
- A)põe em dúvida a necessidade do conceito de segundo bissexto.
- B)desloca o fluxo de água para regiões afastadas da linha do Equador.
- C)deve antecipar em três anos o ajuste dos relógios atômicos.
- D)ultrapassa o alcance do sistema do Tempo Universal Coordenado.
- E)tende a reduzir a velocidade de rotação da Terra.
FUVEST20251a faseQuestao 28InglêsReading comprehension (atribuição de fala)FacilClimate change is messing with time
“The melting of polar ice due to global warming is affecting Earth’s rotation and could impact on precision timekeeping, according to a recent study. The planet is not about to jerk to a halt, nor speed up so rapidly that everyone gets flung into space. But timekeeping is an exact science in a highly technological society, which is why global authorities more than half a century ago felt compelled by the slight changes in Earth’s rotation to invent the concept of the ‘leap second’. Climate change makes these calculations even more complicated: Soon it may be necessary to insert a ‘negative leap second’ into the calendar to get the planet’s rotation in sync with Coordinated Universal Time. Timekeeping is based on an astronomical basis. Earth is a type of a clock. In simpler times, the planet would spin one full revolution on its axis, and everyone would call it a day. But Earth doesn’t spin at a perfectly constant speed. Our planet is in a complicated gravitational dance with the moon, the sun, the oceanic tides, Earth’s own atmosphere and the motion of the planet’s solid inner core. The planet’s fluctuating spin rate is carefully tracked by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service. In the early 1970s, Earth was clearly slowing down in its rotation, and a gap was forming between atomic time and astronomical time. Thus, was born the ‘leap second’ to adjust for the fact that the ‘day’ was getting a bit longer. The melting of the ice caps in Antarctica and Greenland shifts mass — meltwater — toward the equator. That process increases the equatorial bulge of the planet. Meanwhile, at the poles, the land that had been pressed down by ice rises, and Earth becomes more spherical. According to the study, although the core is causing the planet to spin faster, the planetary shape changes caused by a warming climate are slowing that process. Absent this effect, the overall acceleration of the planet’s rotation might require timekeepers to insert a ‘negative leap second’ at the end of 2026. Because of climate change, that might not be necessary until 2029.”
Disponível em https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2024/03/27/ (Adaptado).
Conforme o texto, os fenômenos naturais que desempenham papel significativo na complexa interação gravitacional que afeta a rotação da Terra são
- A)terremotos.
- B)vulcões.
- C)avalanches.
- D)marés dos oceanos.
- E)ciclones.
FUVEST20251a faseQuestao 41InglêsReading comprehension (atribuição de fala)Dificil“Quick, quick, tell me something awful Like you are a poet trapped inside the body of a finance guy Tell me all your secrets, all you'll ever be is My eternal consolation prize You see, I was a debutante in another life, but Now I seem to be scared to go outside If comfort is a construct, I don't believe in good luck Now that I know what's what I hate it here so I will go to secret gardens in my mind People need a key to get to, the only one is mine I read about it in a book when I was a precocious child No mid-sized city hopes and small-town fears I'm there most of the year 'cause I hate it here I hate it here My friends used to play a game where We would pick a decade We wished we could live in instead of this I'd say the 1830s but without all the racists And getting married off for the highest bid Everyone would look down 'cause it wasn't fun now Seems like it was never even fun back then Nostalgia is a mind's trick If I'd been there, I'd hate it It was freezing in the palace”
“I hate it here”, Taylor Swift, do álbum The Tortured Poets Department, 2024 (Adaptado).
Na letra da música, o verso “Like you are a poet trapped inside the body of a finance guy”
- A)enaltece a romantização e idealização de épocas passadas.
- B)destaca o papel de contextos externos no manejo de frustrações.
- C)expressa o sentimento de insatisfação ou inadequação em relação às expectativas sociais.
- D)critica a revelação de segredos e o rompimento de fronteiras pessoais.
- E)enfatiza a importância da sorte e de elementos culturais como mitos e rituais.
FUVEST20251a faseQuestao 42InglêsReading comprehension (atribuição de fala)Dificil“Quick, quick, tell me something awful Like you are a poet trapped inside the body of a finance guy Tell me all your secrets, all you'll ever be is My eternal consolation prize You see, I was a debutante in another life, but Now I seem to be scared to go outside If comfort is a construct, I don't believe in good luck Now that I know what's what I hate it here so I will go to secret gardens in my mind People need a key to get to, the only one is mine I read about it in a book when I was a precocious child No mid-sized city hopes and small-town fears I'm there most of the year 'cause I hate it here I hate it here My friends used to play a game where We would pick a decade We wished we could live in instead of this I'd say the 1830s but without all the racists And getting married off for the highest bid Everyone would look down 'cause it wasn't fun now Seems like it was never even fun back then Nostalgia is a mind's trick If I'd been there, I'd hate it It was freezing in the palace”
“I hate it here”, Taylor Swift, do álbum The Tortured Poets Department, 2024 (Adaptado).
No texto, a percepção de “conforto como construto” indica que o eu lírico vê o conforto como
- A)refúgio mental para apaziguar as pressões e o descontentamento da vida.
- B)concepção ligada às experiências infantis em mecanismos de enfrentamento.
- C)conceito pressuposto, dependente da realidade concreta das pessoas.
- D)dificuldade de ter autoafirmação, por conta de questões internas pendentes.
- E)algo criado pela sociedade, produzindo falsa sensação de segurança.
FUVEST20221a faseQuestao 42InglêsReading comprehension (atribuição de fala)MediaFatbergs are a growing scourge infesting cities around the world— some are more than 800 feet long and weigh more than four humpback whales. These gross globs, which can cause sewer systems to block up and even overflow, have been plaguing the U.S., Great Britain and Australia for the past decade, forcing governments and utilities companies to send workers down into the sewers armed with water hoses, vacuums and scrapers with the unenviable task of prying them loose. "It is hard not to think of [fatbergs] as a tangible symbol of the way we live now, the ultimate product of our disposable, out of sight, out of mind culture," wrote journalist Tim Adams in The Guardian. At their core, fatbergs are the accumulation of oil and grease that's been poured down the drain, congealing around flushed nonbiological waste like tampons, condoms and baby wipes. When fat sticks to the side of sewage pipes, the wipes and other detritus get stuck, accumulating layer upon layer of gunk in a sort of slimy snowball effect. Fatbergs also collect other kinds of debris—London fatbergs have been cracked open to reveal pens, false teeth and even watches. Restaurants are a big contributor to fatbergs: Thames Water, the London utilities company, found nine out of 10 fast-food eateries lacked adequate grease traps to stop fat from entering the sewers. Homeowners also contribute to the problem by pouring grease and fat down the sink. Even though its component materials are soft, fatbergs themselves can be tough as rocks. Researchers have found a host of dangerous bacteria in fatbergs, including listeria and e.coli. Fatbergs are notorious for their fetid smell, which can make even the hardiest sewer workers gag, and chipping away at one can release noxious gases. The key to fatberg prevention is remembering the four Ps: Pee, poo, puke and (toilet) paper are the only things that should be flushed. Newsweek, 14 March, 2019. Adaptado.
O texto informa que, na opinião do jornalista Tim Adams, os fatbergs
- A)integram a paisagem londrina, causando impacto em razão de suas dimensões.
- B)constituem representação real dos hábitos humanos atuais.
- C)simbolizam aspectos culturais submetidos a análises racionais.
- D)desafiam o repertório tecnológico da engenharia de águas.
- E)demonstram incentivo para que moradores consolidem seus costumes.
FUVEST20221a faseQuestao 43InglêsReading comprehension (atribuição de fala)FacilFatbergs are a growing scourge infesting cities around the world— some are more than 800 feet long and weigh more than four humpback whales. These gross globs, which can cause sewer systems to block up and even overflow, have been plaguing the U.S., Great Britain and Australia for the past decade, forcing governments and utilities companies to send workers down into the sewers armed with water hoses, vacuums and scrapers with the unenviable task of prying them loose. "It is hard not to think of [fatbergs] as a tangible symbol of the way we live now, the ultimate product of our disposable, out of sight, out of mind culture," wrote journalist Tim Adams in The Guardian. At their core, fatbergs are the accumulation of oil and grease that's been poured down the drain, congealing around flushed nonbiological waste like tampons, condoms and baby wipes. When fat sticks to the side of sewage pipes, the wipes and other detritus get stuck, accumulating layer upon layer of gunk in a sort of slimy snowball effect. Fatbergs also collect other kinds of debris—London fatbergs have been cracked open to reveal pens, false teeth and even watches. Restaurants are a big contributor to fatbergs: Thames Water, the London utilities company, found nine out of 10 fast-food eateries lacked adequate grease traps to stop fat from entering the sewers. Homeowners also contribute to the problem by pouring grease and fat down the sink. Even though its component materials are soft, fatbergs themselves can be tough as rocks. Researchers have found a host of dangerous bacteria in fatbergs, including listeria and e.coli. Fatbergs are notorious for their fetid smell, which can make even the hardiest sewer workers gag, and chipping away at one can release noxious gases. The key to fatberg prevention is remembering the four Ps: Pee, poo, puke and (toilet) paper are the only things that should be flushed. Newsweek, 14 March, 2019. Adaptado.
De acordo com o texto, o processo de bloqueio do fluxo de esgoto, provocado pelos fatbergs, ocorre
- A)por falha no sistema de limpeza das galerias a cargo das prefeituras.
- B)por conta do diâmetro estreito dos canos antigos.
- C)pela solidificação da água na tubulação, em virtude das baixas temperaturas.
- D)pela aderência da gordura e outros detritos nas laterais da tubulação.
- E)pelo descolamento de placas de concreto dentro da rede de abastecimento de água.
FUVEST20221a faseQuestao 44InglêsReading comprehension (atribuição de fala)DificilFatbergs are a growing scourge infesting cities around the world— some are more than 800 feet long and weigh more than four humpback whales. These gross globs, which can cause sewer systems to block up and even overflow, have been plaguing the U.S., Great Britain and Australia for the past decade, forcing governments and utilities companies to send workers down into the sewers armed with water hoses, vacuums and scrapers with the unenviable task of prying them loose. "It is hard not to think of [fatbergs] as a tangible symbol of the way we live now, the ultimate product of our disposable, out of sight, out of mind culture," wrote journalist Tim Adams in The Guardian. At their core, fatbergs are the accumulation of oil and grease that's been poured down the drain, congealing around flushed nonbiological waste like tampons, condoms and baby wipes. When fat sticks to the side of sewage pipes, the wipes and other detritus get stuck, accumulating layer upon layer of gunk in a sort of slimy snowball effect. Fatbergs also collect other kinds of debris—London fatbergs have been cracked open to reveal pens, false teeth and even watches. Restaurants are a big contributor to fatbergs: Thames Water, the London utilities company, found nine out of 10 fast-food eateries lacked adequate grease traps to stop fat from entering the sewers. Homeowners also contribute to the problem by pouring grease and fat down the sink. Even though its component materials are soft, fatbergs themselves can be tough as rocks. Researchers have found a host of dangerous bacteria in fatbergs, including listeria and e.coli. Fatbergs are notorious for their fetid smell, which can make even the hardiest sewer workers gag, and chipping away at one can release noxious gases. The key to fatberg prevention is remembering the four Ps: Pee, poo, puke and (toilet) paper are the only things that should be flushed. Newsweek, 14 March, 2019. Adaptado.
Considerado o contexto, os quatro elementos associados à prevenção dos fatbergs têm em comum o fato de
- A)conterem pouca gordura.
- B)ocorrerem em quantidade reduzida.
- C)serem considerados matéria orgânica.
- D)terem sua frequência controlada.
- E)estarem livres de bactérias.
FUVEST20221a faseQuestao 45InglêsReading comprehension (atribuição de fala)MediaIf you take a look at my smartphone, you’ll know that I like to order out. But am I helping the small local businesses? You would think that if you own a restaurant you’d be thrilled to have an outsourced service that would take care of your delivery operations while leveraging their marketing might to expand your businesses’ brand. However, restaurant owners have complained of lack of quality control once their food goes out the door. They don’t like that the delivery people are the face of their product when it gets into the customer’s hand. Some of the delivery services have been accused of listing restaurants on their apps without the owners’ permission, and oftentimes publish menu items and prices that are incorrect or out of date. But there is another reason why restaurant owners aren’t fond of delivery services. It’s the costs, which, for some, are becoming unsustainable. Even with the increased revenues from the delivery services, the fees wind up killing a restaurant’s margins to the extent that it’s at best marginally profitable. Therefore, some restaurants are pushing harder to drive orders from their own websites and offering special deals for customers that use their in-house delivery people. The simple fact is that these delivery apps are here to stay. They are enormously popular and have significantly grown. I believe that restaurant owners that resist these apps are hurting their brands by missing out on potential customers. The good news is that the delivery platforms are not as evil as some would portray them. They have some skin in the game. They are competing against other services. They want their listed restaurants to profit. Maybe instead of fighting, the nation’s restaurant industry needs to proactively embrace the delivery service industry and figure out ways to profitably work together. The Guardian. 02 December, 2020. Adaptado.
De acordo com o texto, para os proprietários de restaurante, a principal vantagem dos aplicativos de entrega de comida é que eles
- A)procuram oferecer taxas atraentes para a utilização de sua tecnologia.
- B)demonstram preocupação crescente com a qualidade do serviço que oferecem.
- C)melhoram a avaliação dos restaurantes pela imprensa especializada.
- D)garantem que suas listas de restaurantes e menus sejam atualizadas de modo criterioso.
- E)possuem uma estrutura de marketing que possibilita expansão do círculo de clientes.
FUVEST20221a faseQuestao 46InglêsReading comprehension (atribuição de fala)FacilIf you take a look at my smartphone, you’ll know that I like to order out. But am I helping the small local businesses? You would think that if you own a restaurant you’d be thrilled to have an outsourced service that would take care of your delivery operations while leveraging their marketing might to expand your businesses’ brand. However, restaurant owners have complained of lack of quality control once their food goes out the door. They don’t like that the delivery people are the face of their product when it gets into the customer’s hand. Some of the delivery services have been accused of listing restaurants on their apps without the owners’ permission, and oftentimes publish menu items and prices that are incorrect or out of date. But there is another reason why restaurant owners aren’t fond of delivery services. It’s the costs, which, for some, are becoming unsustainable. Even with the increased revenues from the delivery services, the fees wind up killing a restaurant’s margins to the extent that it’s at best marginally profitable. Therefore, some restaurants are pushing harder to drive orders from their own websites and offering special deals for customers that use their in-house delivery people. The simple fact is that these delivery apps are here to stay. They are enormously popular and have significantly grown. I believe that restaurant owners that resist these apps are hurting their brands by missing out on potential customers. The good news is that the delivery platforms are not as evil as some would portray them. They have some skin in the game. They are competing against other services. They want their listed restaurants to profit. Maybe instead of fighting, the nation’s restaurant industry needs to proactively embrace the delivery service industry and figure out ways to profitably work together. The Guardian. 02 December, 2020. Adaptado.
Segundo o texto, uma das soluções encontradas pelos donos de restaurante para amenizar os problemas com os serviços de entrega é
- A)o contato telefônico com clientes para ouvir comentários e reclamações.
- B)a verificação constante das páginas dos aplicativos para evitar erros e imprecisões.
- C)o oferecimento de vantagens para clientes que usam os serviços de entrega do próprio restaurante.
- D)a listagem de seus restaurantes em diversos aplicativos para encorajar a competição entre eles.
- E)a disseminação, junto aos clientes, de uma imagem relativa aos serviços de aplicativos como incompetentes.
FUVEST20221a faseQuestao 48InglêsReading comprehension (atribuição de fala)MediaLying, thinking Last night How to find my soul a home Where water is not thirsty And bread loaf is not stone I came up with one thing And I don't believe I'm wrong That nobody, But nobody Can make it out here alone
Alone - Maya Angelou
Os versos do poema
- A)afirmam os sentimentos de autonomia e autossuficiência.
- B)mostram a derrota diante das dificuldades.
- C)expressam o resultado das reflexões feitas.
- D)indicam a distância intransponível entre amigos.
- E)mostram arrependimento em relação às decisões do passado.
FUVEST20151a faseQuestao 40InglêsReading comprehension (atribuição de fala)FacilYou know the exit is somewhere along this stretch of highway, but you have never taken it before and do not want to miss it. As you carefully scan the side of the road for the exit sign, numerous distractions intrude on your visual field: billboards, a snazzy convertible, a cell phone buzzing on the dashboard. How does your brain focus on the task at hand? To answer this question, neuroscientists generally study the way the brain strengthens its response to what you are looking for – jolting itself with an especially large electrical pulse when you see it. Another mental trick may be just as important, according to a study published in April in the Journal of Neuroscience: the brain deliberately weakens its reaction to everything else so that the target seems more important in comparison. Such research may eventually help scientists understand what is happening in the brains of people with attention problems, such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. And in a world increasingly permeated by distractions – a major contributor to traffic accidents – any insights into how the brain pays attention should get ours.
Scientific American, July 2014. Adaptado.
O foco principal do texto são as
- A)várias distrações que se apresentam quando estamos dirigindo.
- B)estratégias que nosso cérebro utiliza para se concentrar em uma tarefa.
- C)informações que nosso campo visual precisa processar.
- D)decisões que tomamos quando queremos usar um caminho novo.
- E)várias tarefas que conseguimos realizar ao mesmo tempo.