Uma amostra das questões. Crie uma conta para resolver todas com correção e comentário.
UEMA20211a faseQuestao 1PortuguêsModernismo — Macunaíma e intertextualidadeMediaMário de Andrade (1883-1945), paulistano apaixonado por sua cidade, destaca-se na primeira geração modernista no Brasil e como um dos principais organizadores da Semana de Arte Moderna. Escreveu, entre outras obras, Macunaíma, o herói sem nenhum caráter, na qual une em um mesmo plano o real e o fantástico.
Leia o texto a seguir para responder às questões 01 e 02.
CARTA PRAS ICAMIABAS
Ás mui queridas súbditas nossas, Senhoras Amazonas. Trinta de Maio de Mil Novecentos e Vinte e Seis, São Paulo. Senhoras:
Não pouco vos surpreenderá, por certo, o endereço e a literatura desta missiva. Cumpre-nos, entretanto, iniciar estas linhas de saùdade e muito amor, com desagradável nova. É bem verdade que na boa cidade de São Paulo – a maior do universo, no dizer de seus prolixos habitantes – não sois conhecidas por “icamiabas”, voz espúria, sinão que pelo apelativo de Amazonas; e de vós, se afirma, cavalgardes ginetes belígeros e virdes da Hélade clássica; e assim sois chamadas [...] Nem cinco sóis eram passados que de vós nos partíramos, quando a mais temerosa desdita pesou sobre Nós. Por uma bela noite dos idos de maio do ano translato, perdíamos a muiraquitã; que outrém grafara muraquitã, e, alguns doutos, ciosos de etimologias esdrúxulas, ortografam muyrakitan e até mesmo muraqué-itã, não sorriais! Haveis de saber que esse vocábulo, tão familiar às vossas trompas de Eustáquio, é quasi desconhecido por aqui. [...] Mas não nos sobra já vagar para discretearmos “sub tegmine fagi” sobre a língua portuguesa, também chamada lusitana. [...]
Andrade, M. Macunaíma. Porto Alegre: L&PM, 2018.
O trecho de “Cartas pras Icamiabas” em que se identifica intertextualidade, com efeitos de paródia, relativa à passagem da produção poética do poeta português Luís Vaz de Camões, é
- A)“Haveis de saber que esse vocábulo, tão familiar às vossas trompas de Eustáquio, é quasi desconhecido por aqui.”
- B)“Nem cinco sóis eram passados que de vós nos partíramos, quando a mais temerosa desdita pesou sobre Nós.”
- C)“— não sois conhecidas por “icamiabas”, voz espúria, sinão que pelo apelativo de Amazonas;”
- D)“Não pouco vos surpreenderá, por certo, o endereço e a literatura desta missiva. Cumpre-nos, entretanto, iniciar estas linhas...”
- E)“Mas não nos sobra já vagar para discretearmos “sub tegmine fagi”[...]
UEMA20211a faseQuestao 2PortuguêsVariação linguística e arcaísmosMediaMário de Andrade (1883-1945), paulistano apaixonado por sua cidade, destaca-se na primeira geração modernista no Brasil e como um dos principais organizadores da Semana de Arte Moderna. Escreveu, entre outras obras, Macunaíma, o herói sem nenhum caráter, na qual une em um mesmo plano o real e o fantástico.
Leia o texto a seguir para responder às questões 01 e 02.
CARTA PRAS ICAMIABAS
Ás mui queridas súbditas nossas, Senhoras Amazonas. Trinta de Maio de Mil Novecentos e Vinte e Seis, São Paulo. Senhoras:
Não pouco vos surpreenderá, por certo, o endereço e a literatura desta missiva. Cumpre-nos, entretanto, iniciar estas linhas de saùdade e muito amor, com desagradável nova. É bem verdade que na boa cidade de São Paulo – a maior do universo, no dizer de seus prolixos habitantes – não sois conhecidas por “icamiabas”, voz espúria, sinão que pelo apelativo de Amazonas; e de vós, se afirma, cavalgardes ginetes belígeros e virdes da Hélade clássica; e assim sois chamadas [...] Nem cinco sóis eram passados que de vós nos partíramos, quando a mais temerosa desdita pesou sobre Nós. Por uma bela noite dos idos de maio do ano translato, perdíamos a muiraquitã; que outrém grafara muraquitã, e, alguns doutos, ciosos de etimologias esdrúxulas, ortografam muyrakitan e até mesmo muraqué-itã, não sorriais! Haveis de saber que esse vocábulo, tão familiar às vossas trompas de Eustáquio, é quasi desconhecido por aqui. [...] Mas não nos sobra já vagar para discretearmos “sub tegmine fagi” sobre a língua portuguesa, também chamada lusitana. [...]
Andrade, M. Macunaíma. Porto Alegre: L&PM, 2018.
Há efeito de estranhamento para o leitor, porque a escrita difere da língua padrão atual, nas seguintes palavras:
- A)lusitana, sóis, desleixados.
- B)missiva, ginete, Eustáquio.
- C)saùdade, outrém, quasi.
- D)belígeros, desdita, translato.
- E)Hélade, Haveis, ciosos.
UEMA20211a faseQuestao 3PortuguêsLinguagem coloquial e brasilidade (Macunaíma)MediaLeia o trecho a seguir para responder à questão 03.
[...] — Mãe, quem que leva nossa casa pra outra banda do rio no banhado, quem que leva? Pergunta assim! A velha fez. Macunaíma pediu pra ela ficar com os olhos fechados e carregou todos os carregos, tudo, pro lugar em que estavam de já-hoje no mondongo imundado. Quando a velha abriu os olhos tudo estava no lugar de dantes, vizinhando com os tejupares de mano Maanape e de mano Jiguê com a linda Iriqui. E todos ficaram roncando de fome outra vez. Então a velha teve uma raiva malvada. Carregou o herói na cintura e partiu. Atravessou o mato e chegou no capoeirão chamado Cafundó do Judas. Andou légua e meia nele, nem se enxergava mato mais, era um coberto plano apenas movimentado com o pulinho dos cajueiros. Nem guaxe animava a solidão. A velha botou o curumim no campo onde ele podia crescer mais não e falou: — Agora vossa mãe vai embora. Tu ficas perdido no coberto e podes crescer mais não.
Andrade, M. Macunaíma. Porto Alegre: L&PM, 2018. .
Em Macunaíma, Mário de Andrade inova nos padrões linguísticos, nos níveis lexical, morfológico e sintático, ao empregar a linguagem coloquial popular falada como marca de identidade nacional. No trecho acima, essa brasilidade está presente no(a)
- A)emprego do topônimo “Cafundó do Judas”.
- B)estrutura dos vocábulos “outra vez”.
- C)concordância dos vocábulos “Tu ficas”.
- D)erudição do pronome em “vossa mãe”.
- E)uso do neologismo em “os tejupares”.
UEMA20211a faseQuestao 4PortuguêsModernismo — MacunaímaMediaA alcova estava mobiliada com as famosas redes brancas do Maranhão. Bem no centro havia uma mesa de jacarandá esculpido arranjada com louça branco-encarnada de Breves e cerâmica de Belém, dispostas sobre uma toalha de rendas tecidas com fibra de bananeiras.
Andrade, M. Macunaíma. Porto Alegre: L&PM, 2018.
O fragmento exemplifica que, em Macunaíma, de Mário de Andrade, há
- A)caráter de espontaneidade com as festas populares brasileiras.
- B)lembranças das antiguidades da cultura do berço natal do escritor.
- C)práticas lendárias de identidades folclóricas do Brasil.
- D)lugar para a memória da pluralidade artística do país do escritor.
- E)instrumentos de modernidades poéticas em uma região brasileira.
UEMA20211a faseQuestao 5PortuguêsEstratégias argumentativas do narradorMediaLeia o trecho a seguir para responder à questão. No mocambo si alguma cunhatã se aproximava dele pra fazer festinha, Macunaíma punha a mão nas graças dela, cunhatã se afastava. Nos machos guspia na cara. Porém respeitava os velhos e frequentava com aplicação a murua a poracê o torê o bacororô a cucuicogue, todas essas danças religiosas da tribo.
Andrade, M. Macunaíma. Porto Alegre: L&PM, 2018. Após apresentar fatos sobre as traquinagens do herói, o narrador, no último período, apresenta argumentação que consolida a tese de uma entidade moral para a personagem, por meio de
- A)exemplificação por apresentação de analogias.
- B)explicitação por testemunho apoiado nos fatos.
- C)comparações temporais indefinidas.
- D)informação caricata e falaciosa.
- E)inferências extraídas de uma citação.
UEMA20211a faseQuestao 6PortuguêsPoesia — Mario QuintanaMediaMario Quintana, poeta gaúcho, foi um dos maiores expoentes da literatura brasileira. Com estilo eclético, estreou em 1940, desafiando os críticos literários por se ter tornado um poeta popular. Sua poesia é compreensível sem ser banal; sua originalidade é natural; suas metáforas são claras, mas, ao mesmo tempo, surpreendentes.
O poema Noturno citadino é a base para responder às questões 06 e 07.
Um cartaz luminoso ri no ar. Ó noite, ó minha nêga toda acesa de letreiros!... Pena é que a gente saiba ler... Senão tu serias de uma beleza única inteiramente feita para o amor dos nossos olhos.
QUINTANA, M. Esconderijos do tempo. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2013.
O sujeito lírico, para fazer entender seus sentimentos no poema, pretende criar um dialogismo imaginário íntimo no(s)
- A)primeiro e no segundo versos.
- B)quarto e no quinto versos.
- C)três primeiros versos.
- D)terceiro e no quarto versos.
- E)segundo e nos três últimos versos.
UEMA20211a faseQuestao 7PortuguêsCoesão — articuladores e conjunçõesMediaMario Quintana, poeta gaúcho, foi um dos maiores expoentes da literatura brasileira. Com estilo eclético, estreou em 1940, desafiando os críticos literários por se ter tornado um poeta popular. Sua poesia é compreensível sem ser banal; sua originalidade é natural; suas metáforas são claras, mas, ao mesmo tempo, surpreendentes.
O poema Noturno citadino é a base para responder às questões 06 e 07.
Um cartaz luminoso ri no ar. Ó noite, ó minha nêga toda acesa de letreiros!... Pena é que a gente saiba ler... Senão tu serias de uma beleza única inteiramente feita para o amor dos nossos olhos.
QUINTANA, M. Esconderijos do tempo. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2013.
O articulador argumentativo “Senão” imprime no poema um valor semântico de
- A)comparação.
- B)adição.
- C)inclusão.
- D)adversidade.
- E)alternância.
UEMA20211a faseQuestao 8PortuguêsVanguardas europeias — SurrealismoMediaO Surrealismo, movimento vanguardista, trazia como princípios a prevalência do automatismo psíquico em estado puro e a expressão do pensamento de maneira automática e espontânea, gerando, na escrita literária, imagens impulsionadas pelo inconsciente.
As poesias de Mario Quintana, não muito raro, trazem imagens que dialogam com a proposta surrealista, como se pode observar no seguinte conjunto de versos, extraído do livro de poemas Esconderijos do tempo:
- A)“O poeta é belo porque os seus farrapos / são do tecido da eternidade”
- B)“E se me dessem – um dia – uma outra oportunidade, / eu nem olhava o relógio”
- C)“..., mas eu queria ter nascido numa dessas casas de meia-água / com o telhado descendo logo após as fachadas”
- D)“Eu queria escrever uns versos para Ray Bradbury, / o primeiro que, depois da infância, conseguiu encantarme com suas mágicas”
- E)“As moças das cidades pequenas / com o seu sorriso e o estampado claro de seus vestidos”
UEMA20211a faseQuestao 9InglêsCompreensão de textoMediaRead the text I to answer the questions 09 and 10.
TEXT I What Is Organic Anyway? When you think of organic food, what words come to mind? Natural, local, ethical? In fact, the classification of organic food is a tricky business.
Until the 19th century, nobody would have considered farming as anything other than organic. Crops were fertilized using animal manure and compost. In the 18th and 19th centuries, however, chemists were discovering more about chemicals. The work of German chemist Justus von Liebig, in particular, led to the development of cheap nitrogen fertilizers. The agricultural revolution that followed, especially in Great Britain, brought about a huge increase in crop production. This helped feed the country’s rapidly growing urban population and reduce famine. However, not everybody was convinced of the benefits of the new technologies. Sir Albert Howard’s experiences in India convinced him that correct animal and crop management in a local area produced strong pest-resistant plants that were superior to those grown with chemical fertilizers. He saw chemical fertilizers as expensive, unnecessary, and unsustainable and studied ways to farm productively but naturally. Howard himself never used the word organic. It was British agriculturalist Lord Northbourne who first referred to a farm as a single “organic whole,” describing a more balanced, sustainable style of farming. Northbourne’s ideas, however, were not widely accepted. The following years saw an increase in the use of fertilizers and pesticides, which allowed farmers to plant large quantities of single crops. Most farms became industrialized single-crop producers that depended on pesticides and fertilizers. Then in the 1970s, some people began to express their concerns about the negative effects of these methods on soil quality and the environment. These green activists began to call for a return to more traditional styles of farming. At the same time, in other parts of the world modern methods were replacing traditional farming. In Mexico, Pakistan, and India, Nobel Prize-winning agriculturalist Norman Borlaug pioneered the use of new crops and technologies and greatly increased food production. Environmentalists criticized Borlaug’s work, which they claimed led to reliance on a single crop, inequality, malnutrition, and the loss of natural wildlife. While Borlaug recognized some of these claims, he argued that his principle aim was an end to hunger, something, he pointed out, that most of his critics had never experienced. Meanwhile in the USA and the UK, many smaller farms were trying to return to natural methods, growing many different crops and keeping animals to fertilize the soil. Throughout the 1970s, activists continued to promote a return to more traditional ways of living, and some people were encouraged to try to provide their own food, both out in the countryside and using smaller urban gardens. However, as the idea of organic food became more popular, big business began to move in. The 1980s and 1990s saw the growth of large organic farms and supermarkets, and the importation of organic produce from abroad. At the same time, new legislation in places such as the USA and Europe has made it extremely expensive and complicated for small producers to obtain organic certification. Ironically, many natural local farms are not classed as organic, while much of the organic food supermarkets sell often comes from foreign countries. This has led to criticism from environmentalists who feel that the term organic no longer represents the ideals of organic farming. As we move into the 21st century with a world population of seven billion people, the debate on how we should feed ourselves shows no sign of coming to an end.
SHACKLETON, Caroline & TURNER, Nathan Paul. Money Tree: the business of organics. Cambridge University Press, 2014.
Many animal and crop management procedures took place across the centuries. The option which highlights the one taken as an organic procedure is
- A)spread of cheap nitrogen fertilizers as an agricultural revolution.
- B)use of fertilizers and pesticides to plant large quantities of simple crop.
- C)grow of crops through animal manure and compost ever.
- D)development of new crops through altenative technologies.
- E)enlargement of single crops on replacement of the soil quality.
UEMA20211a faseQuestao 10InglêsCompreensão de textoMediaRead the text I to answer the questions 09 and 10.
TEXT I What Is Organic Anyway? When you think of organic food, what words come to mind? Natural, local, ethical? In fact, the classification of organic food is a tricky business.
Until the 19th century, nobody would have considered farming as anything other than organic. Crops were fertilized using animal manure and compost. In the 18th and 19th centuries, however, chemists were discovering more about chemicals. The work of German chemist Justus von Liebig, in particular, led to the development of cheap nitrogen fertilizers. The agricultural revolution that followed, especially in Great Britain, brought about a huge increase in crop production. This helped feed the country’s rapidly growing urban population and reduce famine. However, not everybody was convinced of the benefits of the new technologies. Sir Albert Howard’s experiences in India convinced him that correct animal and crop management in a local area produced strong pest-resistant plants that were superior to those grown with chemical fertilizers. He saw chemical fertilizers as expensive, unnecessary, and unsustainable and studied ways to farm productively but naturally. Howard himself never used the word organic. It was British agriculturalist Lord Northbourne who first referred to a farm as a single “organic whole,” describing a more balanced, sustainable style of farming. Northbourne’s ideas, however, were not widely accepted. The following years saw an increase in the use of fertilizers and pesticides, which allowed farmers to plant large quantities of single crops. Most farms became industrialized single-crop producers that depended on pesticides and fertilizers. Then in the 1970s, some people began to express their concerns about the negative effects of these methods on soil quality and the environment. These green activists began to call for a return to more traditional styles of farming. At the same time, in other parts of the world modern methods were replacing traditional farming. In Mexico, Pakistan, and India, Nobel Prize-winning agriculturalist Norman Borlaug pioneered the use of new crops and technologies and greatly increased food production. Environmentalists criticized Borlaug’s work, which they claimed led to reliance on a single crop, inequality, malnutrition, and the loss of natural wildlife. While Borlaug recognized some of these claims, he argued that his principle aim was an end to hunger, something, he pointed out, that most of his critics had never experienced. Meanwhile in the USA and the UK, many smaller farms were trying to return to natural methods, growing many different crops and keeping animals to fertilize the soil. Throughout the 1970s, activists continued to promote a return to more traditional ways of living, and some people were encouraged to try to provide their own food, both out in the countryside and using smaller urban gardens. However, as the idea of organic food became more popular, big business began to move in. The 1980s and 1990s saw the growth of large organic farms and supermarkets, and the importation of organic produce from abroad. At the same time, new legislation in places such as the USA and Europe has made it extremely expensive and complicated for small producers to obtain organic certification. Ironically, many natural local farms are not classed as organic, while much of the organic food supermarkets sell often comes from foreign countries. This has led to criticism from environmentalists who feel that the term organic no longer represents the ideals of organic farming. As we move into the 21st century with a world population of seven billion people, the debate on how we should feed ourselves shows no sign of coming to an end.
SHACKLETON, Caroline & TURNER, Nathan Paul. Money Tree: the business of organics. Cambridge University Press, 2014.
The most important argument Mr. Borlaug had to fight his critics was the fact that they had never
- A)raised a crop.
- B)grown their own food.
- C)grown single crops.
- D)experienced lack of food.
- E)returned to traditional ways of living.
UEMA20211a faseQuestao 11InglêsCompreensão de textoMediaRead the text II to answer the questions 11 and 12. TEXT II Veggies You Can Regrow From Discarded Roots
Patrick Phillips
When it comes to cooking with healthy, fresh ingredients, we always end up facing the same issue: what to do with all of the roots we chop off of our veggies? Instead of tossing them in the trash, there’s actually something quite useful you can do with them, and it’ll save you a good chunk of change. Regrowing green onions has become quite popular, and it’s easy to understand why: it’s very simple and fun to check on its growth progress on a daily basis. It’s also a great way to help avoid food waste. However, there are plenty of vegetables you can regrow for yourself at home using scraps. Green Onion Let’s start with the basics: green onions. These are the fastest plants to regrow and also the easiest. To do so, put the root and 1 inch of the white part in a bowl or jar, then fill it with enough water to cover up to halfway up the white part of the onion. Change out the water every 2 to 3 days. You’ll notice it growing within a day and after a week, you’ll have greens that you can use! Romaine Lettuce You can regrow romaine lettuce and also other lettuces by placing the roots of it in a jar filled with at least 1 inch of water. Leave for a few days until it begins to grow, then transfer the roots into soil to continue growing the thriving plant. Cabbage You can regrow cabbage in the same way that you regrow lettuce. Simply save a stump of the cabbage with its roots and place it in 1 inch of water. Then transfer the sprouting leaves into soil. Leeks Since leeks are actually directly related to green onions, they can be regrown using the same method. Place the root and about 2 inches of the white part in a jar with water that reaches about halfway up the white part. These will take a bit longer to regrow, but don’t give up! Make sure to keep changing out the water every 2 or 3 days. Carrot Tops Cut a carrot at the top (the root) and place the piece, cut side-down, in a bowl of water. The leaves of the carrots will grow as opposed to the carrot itself, however, these leaves can be used in salads, be used as a garnish, or can even be put into a pesto. Simply change the water every few days. Celery Celery can be regrown in the same way as the cabbage and romaine. Place the root end of the stalk in 1 inch of water. When the leaves will begin to sprout, wait about a week in order for the celery to become stronger. Make sure you change the water every few days. Once this process is done, you can replant the celery in soil. Celery leaves can also be used in salads.
https://www.sizzlfy.com/healthy/veggies-regrow. Slighted modified. Accessed on September the 30th
The veggies which have the same way of regrowing are
- A)Romaine lettuce / leeks.
- B)Cabbage / carrots.
- C)Celery / green onions.
- D)Celery / carrots.
- E)Green onion / leeks.
UEMA20211a faseQuestao 12InglêsComparativo de superioridadeMediaRead the text II to answer the questions 11 and 12. TEXT II Veggies You Can Regrow From Discarded Roots
Patrick Phillips
When it comes to cooking with healthy, fresh ingredients, we always end up facing the same issue: what to do with all of the roots we chop off of our veggies? Instead of tossing them in the trash, there’s actually something quite useful you can do with them, and it’ll save you a good chunk of change. Regrowing green onions has become quite popular, and it’s easy to understand why: it’s very simple and fun to check on its growth progress on a daily basis. It’s also a great way to help avoid food waste. However, there are plenty of vegetables you can regrow for yourself at home using scraps. Green Onion Let’s start with the basics: green onions. These are the fastest plants to regrow and also the easiest. To do so, put the root and 1 inch of the white part in a bowl or jar, then fill it with enough water to cover up to halfway up the white part of the onion. Change out the water every 2 to 3 days. You’ll notice it growing within a day and after a week, you’ll have greens that you can use! Romaine Lettuce You can regrow romaine lettuce and also other lettuces by placing the roots of it in a jar filled with at least 1 inch of water. Leave for a few days until it begins to grow, then transfer the roots into soil to continue growing the thriving plant. Cabbage You can regrow cabbage in the same way that you regrow lettuce. Simply save a stump of the cabbage with its roots and place it in 1 inch of water. Then transfer the sprouting leaves into soil. Leeks Since leeks are actually directly related to green onions, they can be regrown using the same method. Place the root and about 2 inches of the white part in a jar with water that reaches about halfway up the white part. These will take a bit longer to regrow, but don’t give up! Make sure to keep changing out the water every 2 or 3 days. Carrot Tops Cut a carrot at the top (the root) and place the piece, cut side-down, in a bowl of water. The leaves of the carrots will grow as opposed to the carrot itself, however, these leaves can be used in salads, be used as a garnish, or can even be put into a pesto. Simply change the water every few days. Celery Celery can be regrown in the same way as the cabbage and romaine. Place the root end of the stalk in 1 inch of water. When the leaves will begin to sprout, wait about a week in order for the celery to become stronger. Make sure you change the water every few days. Once this process is done, you can replant the celery in soil. Celery leaves can also be used in salads.
https://www.sizzlfy.com/healthy/veggies-regrow. Slighted modified. Accessed on September the 30th
Taking into consideration the specific parts (1 to 6) of text II: Green onion, Romaine lettuce, Cabbage, leeks, Carrot tops, and Celery, choose the correct option in which one can find a comparative of superiority.
- A)Cabbage / green onions
- B)Celery / Romaine lettuce
- C)Romaine lettuce / cabbage
- D)Green onions / carrot tops
- E)Leeks / Celery